Interfacility Transport - Answers Careful patient stabilization following ABCs.
Looking for in scene approach - Answers Smoke, trees, MOI, traffic in area.
Troposphere - Answers - first layer
- upper layer of this zone is a constant -56.5 degrees
- water vapour reduces with ascent
- 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% trace
- 0-10,000ft
Stratosphere - Answers - from 17km to 50km
- lower levels experience some weather
- contains ozone layer
- absorbs ultraviolet radiation of the sun
- temperature is constant -56
- almost no water vapour present
- about 24% of the total atmospheric molecular mass
Mesophere - Answers - from 50-80km
- temperature reaches its coldest at -90
- meteors generally burn up here
Thermosphere - Answers - 85-700km
- 2000 degrees from solar radiation
Exosphere - Answers - final layer
-transitions into space
Atmospheric Pressure - Answers 760mmHg at a temperature of 15 degrees in dry air at sea
level.
Greatest Density Change - Answers Between sea level and 5000ft above sea level.
,Efficient Zone - Answers - sea level to 10,000 ft
- physiological environment
- barometric pressure drops from 760mmHg to 523mmHg at 10,000ft
Deficient Zone - Answers - from 10,000ft to 50,000ft
- requires supplemental oxygen or cabin pressurized systems
- barometric pressure approx. 87mmHg
- human body cannot survive unless in pressurized environment
Space Equivalent Zone - Answers - 50,000ft and continuing to outer fringes of atmosphere
- totally hostile to human life
- requires pressurized aircraft
- boiling point of water drops to body temperature
- unsurvivable
Aircraft Pressurization - Answers Engines introduce ambient air into a compressor. The
compressed air heats up and must be cooled before being introduced into the cabin.
Pressurized Aircraft - Answers - expensive to build
- longer runways required
- complex maintenance
- higher altitudes
- fly above weather
- faster speeds
- generally longer range
- less turbulence
- less oxygen required
- stable cabin temperature
Unpressurized Aircraft - Answers - lower cost to manufacture
- short and unimproved runways may be an option
, - altitudes restricted to physiologic zone
- slower speed
- shorter range
- exposed to turbulence
- require supplemental oxygen at higher altitudes
- less protection from extreme heat or cold
- increased cabin noise
Boyles Law - Answers The pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when
temperature is held constant. If volume increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa.
Daltons Law - Answers Law of partial pressures. Total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to
the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture.
Charles Law - Answers Describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
Gay Lussac's Law - Answers Pressure of gases is directly proportional to absolute temperature.
Universal Gas Law - Answers The relationship between gas volume, pressure and temperature
can be explained by the combination of Boyles law and Charles law.
Henrys Law - Answers The amount of gas dissolved in a solution varies directly with the partial
pressure of that gas over the solution. Higher the pressure exerted on the solution, the more gas
the solution will hold.
Graham's Law - Answers The rate of diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root
of its molecular weight.
Indifferent Hypoxia - Answers - sea level to 10,000ft
- 87%-98% SPO2
- increased HR and RR
- onset of blurred and/or tunnel vision
- usually unaware of symptoms
Compensatory Hypoxia - Answers - 10,000ft - 15,000ft
- 80%-90% SPO2
- more noticeable increase in HR and RR