UF BSC 2011 Exam 1 Review Questions, Exam 1 BSC2011
UF 2019, UF BSC2011: Exam 1| 332 Q’s and A’s
Clade - -part of a phylogenic tree that contains an ancestor and all descendants of that
ancestor
-Data that can be used to build a phylogenic tree - -Morphology (observable physical
characteristics) and molecular sequences (nucleotides, amino acids)
-Synapamorphy - -shared derived traits that provide evidence of a common ancestry of a
group
-Synapamorphy ancestral or derived trait? - -Derived
-Three domains of life - -Bacteria (prokaryotes), Archaea (prokaryotes), Eukarya
(eukaryotes)
-Photoautotroph - -Organism that use light to generate ATP for the purpose of carbon
fixation
-How did evolution of photosynthesis change the earth? - -Filled environment with
oxygen. Created vast diversity within the kingdom Eukarya.
-Lateral transfer - -When genes move from one species to another
-Endosymbiosis - -When two organisms compliment each other and one of the two
organisms lives within the other
-What organelles did eukaryotes acquire in endosymbiosis? - -Mitochondria, chloroplasts
-Are all photosynthetic eukaryotes plants? - -NO!!
-Dominant form in bryophyte life cycle - -Gametophyte
-Do bryophyte sporophyte and gametophyte live independently? - -No, sporophyte is
dependent on gametophyte
-Red algae vs. Green plants - -Red algae chlorophyll A only, green algae chlorophyll A and
B. Red algae varies from single celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms.
-Streptophyte Synapamorphies - -retention of egg in parental organisms, apical growth,
oogamy, plasmodesmata
-Plasmodesmata - -small holes/ channels that make water transport much easier
,-Parenchyma - -Basic tissue type in the streptophytes with cells linked by plasmodesmata
-Land plant synapamorphies - -cuticle, stomata, gametangia, embryo, pigments,
sporopollenin, mycorrhizae
-Cuticle - -a waxy coating that protects from water loss, disease, sun and organisms who
are predators
-Stomata - -small openings that allow for gas exchange in air while minimizing water loss
-Sporopollenin - -protective coating for spores
-Mycorrhizae plants - -Plants that have mutually beneficial association with fungi, fungi
attach to plant roots and increase surface area of roots allowing for more water to be taken
up throught the plant
-Groups of plants within the bryophytes - -liverworts, horntails and mosses
-Are bryophytes a clade? - -NO!
-Primary characteristics of bryophytes - -no vascular system, very small, no structure to
keep them off the ground, no structure to transfer food and water through the plant
-Why do bryophytes tend to live in moist habitats? - -bryophytes move nutrients through
diffusion and osmosis so they have to be near water to survive
-Dominant form in the bryophyte life cycle - -Gametophyte
-Can bryophyte sporophytes and gametophytes live indepedently? - -No. Sporophyte is
physiologically dependent on the gametophyte.
-Where are bryophyte gametes produced? - -Archegonium (female sex organ) and
antheridium (male sex organ)
-How are gametes dispersed in bryophytes? - -
-Ephiphyte - -Organisms that live together with no beneficial or paristic relationship.
(plants growing on a tall tree). benefits are indirect.
-Parisite - -lives off of another organisms. Not mutually beneficial, only beneficial to one.
-Main characteristics of liverworts - -no true stomata, rhizoids, elaters, green- flat like
gametophyte, sporophyte remains attached to the larger gametophyte, can reproduce
sexually or asexually, no internal water conduction; differ from other bryophytes in the fact
that they do not have a true stomata and other bryophytes do
, -Rhizoids - -help anchor liverworts to the ground
-Gemma cups - -
-Elaters - -
-Liverwort sexual reproduction - -
-Main characteristics of mosses - -erect, leafy gametophytes, stomata, hyroids, sporophyte
is attached and dependent on gametophyte, peristome teeth!!!!
-Peristome teeth - -moss adaptation for spore dispersal, can change sbape with
-Peristome teeth part of gametophyte or sporophyte? - -
-Main features of hornworts - -sporophytes look lie small horns, cells contain one
chloroplast, symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria (nitrogen fixation), 100 extant
species
-Transpiration cohesion theory- - -
-Properties of H2O for water movement - -hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to
stick to eachother and move up the plant easily, adhesion allows it to stick to the walls of
the plant easily
-Phloem - - -food transport
-What do lycophytes have that bryophytes do not have? - -VASCULAR TISSUE!!!
-Sporangia - -spore forming structures in lycophytes and monilophytes
-Strobulis - -clusters of sporangia
-Microphyll - -leaf with unbranched single vein
-Megaphyll - -complex branching of veins in a leaf
-Which plants have megaphylls? - -Monilophytes and seed plants
-What plants make up the Euphyllophytes? - -rest of vascular plants outside of lycophytes
and monilophytes
-Synapamorphies of euphyllophytes - -leaf gap in stem where leaves emerge,
differentiation between main stem and side branches
-Two main lineages of monilophytes - -Horsetails and Leptosporangiate ferms
UF 2019, UF BSC2011: Exam 1| 332 Q’s and A’s
Clade - -part of a phylogenic tree that contains an ancestor and all descendants of that
ancestor
-Data that can be used to build a phylogenic tree - -Morphology (observable physical
characteristics) and molecular sequences (nucleotides, amino acids)
-Synapamorphy - -shared derived traits that provide evidence of a common ancestry of a
group
-Synapamorphy ancestral or derived trait? - -Derived
-Three domains of life - -Bacteria (prokaryotes), Archaea (prokaryotes), Eukarya
(eukaryotes)
-Photoautotroph - -Organism that use light to generate ATP for the purpose of carbon
fixation
-How did evolution of photosynthesis change the earth? - -Filled environment with
oxygen. Created vast diversity within the kingdom Eukarya.
-Lateral transfer - -When genes move from one species to another
-Endosymbiosis - -When two organisms compliment each other and one of the two
organisms lives within the other
-What organelles did eukaryotes acquire in endosymbiosis? - -Mitochondria, chloroplasts
-Are all photosynthetic eukaryotes plants? - -NO!!
-Dominant form in bryophyte life cycle - -Gametophyte
-Do bryophyte sporophyte and gametophyte live independently? - -No, sporophyte is
dependent on gametophyte
-Red algae vs. Green plants - -Red algae chlorophyll A only, green algae chlorophyll A and
B. Red algae varies from single celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms.
-Streptophyte Synapamorphies - -retention of egg in parental organisms, apical growth,
oogamy, plasmodesmata
-Plasmodesmata - -small holes/ channels that make water transport much easier
,-Parenchyma - -Basic tissue type in the streptophytes with cells linked by plasmodesmata
-Land plant synapamorphies - -cuticle, stomata, gametangia, embryo, pigments,
sporopollenin, mycorrhizae
-Cuticle - -a waxy coating that protects from water loss, disease, sun and organisms who
are predators
-Stomata - -small openings that allow for gas exchange in air while minimizing water loss
-Sporopollenin - -protective coating for spores
-Mycorrhizae plants - -Plants that have mutually beneficial association with fungi, fungi
attach to plant roots and increase surface area of roots allowing for more water to be taken
up throught the plant
-Groups of plants within the bryophytes - -liverworts, horntails and mosses
-Are bryophytes a clade? - -NO!
-Primary characteristics of bryophytes - -no vascular system, very small, no structure to
keep them off the ground, no structure to transfer food and water through the plant
-Why do bryophytes tend to live in moist habitats? - -bryophytes move nutrients through
diffusion and osmosis so they have to be near water to survive
-Dominant form in the bryophyte life cycle - -Gametophyte
-Can bryophyte sporophytes and gametophytes live indepedently? - -No. Sporophyte is
physiologically dependent on the gametophyte.
-Where are bryophyte gametes produced? - -Archegonium (female sex organ) and
antheridium (male sex organ)
-How are gametes dispersed in bryophytes? - -
-Ephiphyte - -Organisms that live together with no beneficial or paristic relationship.
(plants growing on a tall tree). benefits are indirect.
-Parisite - -lives off of another organisms. Not mutually beneficial, only beneficial to one.
-Main characteristics of liverworts - -no true stomata, rhizoids, elaters, green- flat like
gametophyte, sporophyte remains attached to the larger gametophyte, can reproduce
sexually or asexually, no internal water conduction; differ from other bryophytes in the fact
that they do not have a true stomata and other bryophytes do
, -Rhizoids - -help anchor liverworts to the ground
-Gemma cups - -
-Elaters - -
-Liverwort sexual reproduction - -
-Main characteristics of mosses - -erect, leafy gametophytes, stomata, hyroids, sporophyte
is attached and dependent on gametophyte, peristome teeth!!!!
-Peristome teeth - -moss adaptation for spore dispersal, can change sbape with
-Peristome teeth part of gametophyte or sporophyte? - -
-Main features of hornworts - -sporophytes look lie small horns, cells contain one
chloroplast, symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria (nitrogen fixation), 100 extant
species
-Transpiration cohesion theory- - -
-Properties of H2O for water movement - -hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to
stick to eachother and move up the plant easily, adhesion allows it to stick to the walls of
the plant easily
-Phloem - - -food transport
-What do lycophytes have that bryophytes do not have? - -VASCULAR TISSUE!!!
-Sporangia - -spore forming structures in lycophytes and monilophytes
-Strobulis - -clusters of sporangia
-Microphyll - -leaf with unbranched single vein
-Megaphyll - -complex branching of veins in a leaf
-Which plants have megaphylls? - -Monilophytes and seed plants
-What plants make up the Euphyllophytes? - -rest of vascular plants outside of lycophytes
and monilophytes
-Synapamorphies of euphyllophytes - -leaf gap in stem where leaves emerge,
differentiation between main stem and side branches
-Two main lineages of monilophytes - -Horsetails and Leptosporangiate ferms
