FRESENIUS RN EXAM WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+ || GUARANTEED PASS || LATEST
UPDATE 2025
Why would placement of an AV Fistula be difficult? - ANSWER-Patients with
co morbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, poor circulation, and
obesity make placement more difficult.
Aneurysms can develop as a result from cannulating the same areas too often.
What is always required with a AV Fistula? - ANSWER-A tourniquet
Advantages of an AV Graft - ANSWER-Large surface area for cannulation
Technically easy to cannulate
Healing time is short
Variety of shapes and configurations
Easy to implant, construct, and surgically repair
Disadvantages of AV Grafts - ANSWER-Increased rate of stenosis; increased
clotting
Increased infection rates
Increased bleed time at the end of treatment
Require replacement over time, especially if cannulation sites are not rotated
No collateral circulation develops
,Why should sodium intake be limited in the patient on dialysis? - ANSWER-
Sodium attracts fluid and makes it more difficult to remove during dialysis
treatment.
Why should potassium be limited in the dialysis patients diet? - ANSWER-
Potassium can cause severe cardiac problems when elevated.
Why should phosphorus be limited in the dialysis patients diet? - ANSWER-
Phosphorus interferes with calcium absorption; leading to bone disease.
Why should fluid intake be limited in the patient on dialysis? - ANSWER-Adds
to the circulating volume causing increased workload on the heart and lungs.
Why should protein be limited in the patient on dialysis? - ANSWER-Waste
products of protein digestion (BUN and creatinine) build up in the blood.
Why should calories be limited in the dialysis patient? - ANSWER-Excess
caloric intake will lead to weight gain.
What is estimated dry weight? - ANSWER-The weight of the patient if all
excess fluid is removed and blood pressure is normotensive.
What is the leading cause of death in ESRD patients? - ANSWER-Cardiac
related to fluid and function.
Weight gains exceeding how much are reported to the RN for assessment and
evaluation? - ANSWER-4 kg
Signs and symptoms if estimated dry weight is too low? - ANSWER-This
means too much fluid is being removed during the treatment and the patient has
probably gained actual weight. S/S include dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
,hypotension, need for NS boluses to stabilize BPs during dialysis treatment
cramps and fatigue that sometimes persist until the next treatment.
Signs and symptoms if estimated dry weight is too high? - ANSWER-This
happens when not enough fluid is being removed during the treatment and pt
has probably lost weight.
S/S include hypertension, headaches, SOA, edema, and distended neck veins.
Post treatment weights, blood pressure trends during treatments, patient
Advantages of a CVC - ANSWER-Immediate use after verification of
placement
No need for patient to achieve homeostasis at the end of treatment
Disadvantages of CVC - ANSWER-Higher potential for air embolism
Prone to infection and clotting
Last option and sometimes only option for patients
Lower BFR's = increased treatment time to improve adequacy
Long-term use can lead to major vessel stenosis
Reversing the lines will cause increased recirculation and decreased adequacy
List 4 things you can teach a patient to prevent their access from clotting: -
ANSWER-1. Avoid wearing tight fitting clothing or jewelry on access arm
2. Avoid sleeping on access arm
3. Avoid lab draws or blood pressure sticks in the access arm
4. Avoid carrying heavy objects in their access arm
What is Emla cream? - ANSWER-Lidocaine 2.5% and Prilocaine 2.5%. Used at
least an hour before cannulation to numb the area.
, What is included in the PRE-treatment evaluation? - ANSWER-Look - skin one
color, any incisions are clean, dry and intact, no s/sx of infection, prior
cannulation sites healing, side by side comparison with other arm.
Listen - audible "whoosh" heard - should be same throughout access, low-
pitched, louder on arterial side.
Feel - thrill- a vibration or buzz throughout the length of the access, pulse -
slight beating like a heartbeat, no areas warmer or cooler than other areas.
When admitting a new patient, what is performed before taking a blood pressure
reading? - ANSWER-Inspect both arms for the presence of a vascular access.
In what direction are fistula needles placed? - ANSWER-Venous needles will
ALWAYS go with the blood flow; arterial needles can be placed in either
direction.
What do you do if you suspect Infection at vascular access? - ANSWER-Signs
and symptoms include: redness warmth and drainage.
DO NOT cannulate in or near this area bc it can cause sepsis.
Make sure patient has washed access prior to coming to station.
Thoroughly clean area in circular motions.
What to do in the event of water failure? - ANSWER-1. contact water
contractor to obtain tanker water
2. designate alternate clinic for treatment
3. notify medical director
What to do in the event of a pandemic? - ANSWER-1. Identify infected patients
and staff early
2. vaccinate patients and staff when available
3. Institute droplet or contact precautions as needed
4. ensure strict adherence to hand hygiene
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+ || GUARANTEED PASS || LATEST
UPDATE 2025
Why would placement of an AV Fistula be difficult? - ANSWER-Patients with
co morbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, poor circulation, and
obesity make placement more difficult.
Aneurysms can develop as a result from cannulating the same areas too often.
What is always required with a AV Fistula? - ANSWER-A tourniquet
Advantages of an AV Graft - ANSWER-Large surface area for cannulation
Technically easy to cannulate
Healing time is short
Variety of shapes and configurations
Easy to implant, construct, and surgically repair
Disadvantages of AV Grafts - ANSWER-Increased rate of stenosis; increased
clotting
Increased infection rates
Increased bleed time at the end of treatment
Require replacement over time, especially if cannulation sites are not rotated
No collateral circulation develops
,Why should sodium intake be limited in the patient on dialysis? - ANSWER-
Sodium attracts fluid and makes it more difficult to remove during dialysis
treatment.
Why should potassium be limited in the dialysis patients diet? - ANSWER-
Potassium can cause severe cardiac problems when elevated.
Why should phosphorus be limited in the dialysis patients diet? - ANSWER-
Phosphorus interferes with calcium absorption; leading to bone disease.
Why should fluid intake be limited in the patient on dialysis? - ANSWER-Adds
to the circulating volume causing increased workload on the heart and lungs.
Why should protein be limited in the patient on dialysis? - ANSWER-Waste
products of protein digestion (BUN and creatinine) build up in the blood.
Why should calories be limited in the dialysis patient? - ANSWER-Excess
caloric intake will lead to weight gain.
What is estimated dry weight? - ANSWER-The weight of the patient if all
excess fluid is removed and blood pressure is normotensive.
What is the leading cause of death in ESRD patients? - ANSWER-Cardiac
related to fluid and function.
Weight gains exceeding how much are reported to the RN for assessment and
evaluation? - ANSWER-4 kg
Signs and symptoms if estimated dry weight is too low? - ANSWER-This
means too much fluid is being removed during the treatment and the patient has
probably gained actual weight. S/S include dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
,hypotension, need for NS boluses to stabilize BPs during dialysis treatment
cramps and fatigue that sometimes persist until the next treatment.
Signs and symptoms if estimated dry weight is too high? - ANSWER-This
happens when not enough fluid is being removed during the treatment and pt
has probably lost weight.
S/S include hypertension, headaches, SOA, edema, and distended neck veins.
Post treatment weights, blood pressure trends during treatments, patient
Advantages of a CVC - ANSWER-Immediate use after verification of
placement
No need for patient to achieve homeostasis at the end of treatment
Disadvantages of CVC - ANSWER-Higher potential for air embolism
Prone to infection and clotting
Last option and sometimes only option for patients
Lower BFR's = increased treatment time to improve adequacy
Long-term use can lead to major vessel stenosis
Reversing the lines will cause increased recirculation and decreased adequacy
List 4 things you can teach a patient to prevent their access from clotting: -
ANSWER-1. Avoid wearing tight fitting clothing or jewelry on access arm
2. Avoid sleeping on access arm
3. Avoid lab draws or blood pressure sticks in the access arm
4. Avoid carrying heavy objects in their access arm
What is Emla cream? - ANSWER-Lidocaine 2.5% and Prilocaine 2.5%. Used at
least an hour before cannulation to numb the area.
, What is included in the PRE-treatment evaluation? - ANSWER-Look - skin one
color, any incisions are clean, dry and intact, no s/sx of infection, prior
cannulation sites healing, side by side comparison with other arm.
Listen - audible "whoosh" heard - should be same throughout access, low-
pitched, louder on arterial side.
Feel - thrill- a vibration or buzz throughout the length of the access, pulse -
slight beating like a heartbeat, no areas warmer or cooler than other areas.
When admitting a new patient, what is performed before taking a blood pressure
reading? - ANSWER-Inspect both arms for the presence of a vascular access.
In what direction are fistula needles placed? - ANSWER-Venous needles will
ALWAYS go with the blood flow; arterial needles can be placed in either
direction.
What do you do if you suspect Infection at vascular access? - ANSWER-Signs
and symptoms include: redness warmth and drainage.
DO NOT cannulate in or near this area bc it can cause sepsis.
Make sure patient has washed access prior to coming to station.
Thoroughly clean area in circular motions.
What to do in the event of water failure? - ANSWER-1. contact water
contractor to obtain tanker water
2. designate alternate clinic for treatment
3. notify medical director
What to do in the event of a pandemic? - ANSWER-1. Identify infected patients
and staff early
2. vaccinate patients and staff when available
3. Institute droplet or contact precautions as needed
4. ensure strict adherence to hand hygiene
