Page 1 of 31
NR507 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly
suspect that the causative bacteria are gram negative
because of the presence of:
Nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic
complaining of urinary urgency, frequency and
burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal
discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP
will perform a vaginal exam at this visit.
True
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated
urinary tract infection?
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the
development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Pregnancy
, Page 2 of 31
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a
UTI because of having a shorter urethra.
True
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
Increase water consumption
Uncomplicated UTI
Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any
urologic abnormalities
Complicated UTI
UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract
abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
, Page 3 of 31
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi,
diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care
office with urinary burning and frequency for the last 3
days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her
gynecological history is negative and reports no
vaginal discharge. The only new information reported
is that she recently had sexual intercourse with a new
male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the
urine contains leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs.
No casts are identified. Based on symptom
presentation and UA results, the patient can be
diagnosed with:
Cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local
nursing home. He recently became confused and then
fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago.
Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred
to the acute care facility for evaluation and treatment.
Lab work revealed that the patient was very
dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and
appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was
also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted
, Page 4 of 31
to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks
and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and
dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent
further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was
inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the
patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit
associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul odor
was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank
area, the patient yelled out when touched. A urine
culture was obtained and came back positive for
nitrites and RBCs. Urine microscopy revealed
>100,000 WBC/hpf and casts.
Based on the information provided in the case, the
patient can most likely be diagnosed with:
pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is
associated with pyelonephritis:
indwelling foley catheter
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will
show WBCs and casts
true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an
uncomplicated UTI because:
The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic
therapy.
NR507 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly
suspect that the causative bacteria are gram negative
because of the presence of:
Nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic
complaining of urinary urgency, frequency and
burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal
discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP
will perform a vaginal exam at this visit.
True
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated
urinary tract infection?
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the
development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Pregnancy
, Page 2 of 31
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a
UTI because of having a shorter urethra.
True
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
Increase water consumption
Uncomplicated UTI
Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any
urologic abnormalities
Complicated UTI
UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract
abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
, Page 3 of 31
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi,
diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care
office with urinary burning and frequency for the last 3
days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her
gynecological history is negative and reports no
vaginal discharge. The only new information reported
is that she recently had sexual intercourse with a new
male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the
urine contains leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs.
No casts are identified. Based on symptom
presentation and UA results, the patient can be
diagnosed with:
Cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local
nursing home. He recently became confused and then
fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago.
Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred
to the acute care facility for evaluation and treatment.
Lab work revealed that the patient was very
dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and
appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was
also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted
, Page 4 of 31
to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks
and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and
dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent
further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was
inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the
patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit
associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul odor
was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank
area, the patient yelled out when touched. A urine
culture was obtained and came back positive for
nitrites and RBCs. Urine microscopy revealed
>100,000 WBC/hpf and casts.
Based on the information provided in the case, the
patient can most likely be diagnosed with:
pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is
associated with pyelonephritis:
indwelling foley catheter
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will
show WBCs and casts
true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an
uncomplicated UTI because:
The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic
therapy.
