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Summary Grade 12 IEB Physical Sciences - Acids and Bases Notes (Chemistry Section E)

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Covers the various sections relating to Acids and Bases, including Ionization, Dissociation, Strength, Conjugates, Amphoteric substances, Kw, Ka, Kb, Reactions, Titrations and Hydrolysis. Includes notes from the textbook, as well as additional class, video and research information, diagrams and practice questions. Applicable to all IEB Grade 12s. Written by a 95% student.

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Acids and Bases
Acid: Proton donor
Strong acid
An acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution.

Examples

HCl - Hydrochloric acid (monoprotic)
H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid (diprotic)
HNO3 - Nitric acid (monoprotic)

Weak acid
An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.

Examples

H3PO4 - Phosphoric acid (triprotic)
HF - Hydrofluoric acid (monoprotic)
H2SO3 - Sulfurous acid (diprotic)
H2C2O4 - Oxalic acid (diprotic)
CH3COOH - Ethanoic acid (monoprotic)
Carboxylic acids



Hydrogen ion - H+
Hydrogen ion - ‘a proton’

Example:




Acidic proton




Monoprotic acids:
Being able to donate one proton.

Polyprotic acids:
Being able to donate more than one proton.

, Ionisation: The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

Single arrow = Fully ionises, strong acids
Double arrow = Partially ionises, weak acids

Examples:
HCl (aq) + H2O (l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl- (aq)

H2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l) → 2H3O+(aq) + SO42− (aq)

CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CH3COO−(aq)

H3PO4 (aq) + 3H2O (l) ⇌ 3H3O+(aq) + PO43− (aq)


Note: H2O next to the arrow


Concentrated acid
= Consists of a large portion of solute, acid molecules, and a small portion of water.

Dilute acid
= Consists of a large portion of water and a small portion of solute, acid molecules.

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gabriellazampieri1 37 reviews
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gerritcleroux 128 reviews
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Spelling and unwilling to fix it before final exams in November to where I do not need the notes for afterwards.

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Subjects

  • grade 12
  • matric
  • matrix
  • ieb
  • physical sciences
  • physics
  • chemistry
  • science
  • acids and bases

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