B4U2: Skills: Uronephrology Labs Exam Questions and Answers With
complete solution–Expert Verified
What does the nephron do?: Filtration, collection, hormonal regulation, blood pressure regulation via
medications.
Where does urine flow after formation in nephrons?: Into collecting ducts, then ureters,bladder, and
exits via urethra.
What is the micturition pathway?: Urine is stored in the bladder and exits through the urethraduring
voiding.
What does the Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) assess?: Electrolytes, kidney function, glucose.
What are key indicators of renal function in BMP?: BUN and creatinine levels.
What is serum creatinine (SCr)?: A muscle byproduct; normal ~0.6-1.2 mg/dL in adults, varies by age
and sex.
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?: A waste product from protein breakdown; normal range: 8-20mg/dL.
How should elevated BUN and Cr be approached?: Compare to baseline, check fornephrotoxins,
determine if pre-renal, renal, or post-renal.
What is the most common cause of post-renal obstruction in males?: Enlargedprostate.
What is the normal BUN:Cr ratio?: 10:1.
What BUN:Cr ratio suggests pre-renal causes?: >20:1 (e.g., dehydration, CHF, blood loss).
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, What BUN:Cr ratio suggests intrinsic renal disease?: <20:1 (e.g., nephrotoxins, glomeru-
lonephritis, ATN, CKD).
Who should you call based on renal problem type?: Nephrology for pre-renal or renal;Urology for
post-renal.
What is GFR?: Glomerular filtration rate: filtrate volume per minute, used to stage kidney disease.
How is GFR estimated?: Using SCr, age, and sex via online calculators.
What is creatinine clearance (CrCl)?: Direct measure of kidney function via 24-hour urine collec-
tion; gold standard for drug dosing.
What is CrCl normal range?: 90-140 mL/min.
What are key uses of CrCl?: Monitoring kidney function, drug adjustment, assessing CKD/AKI.
What does urinalysis (UA) evaluate?: Kidney failure, UTI, stones, GU malignancy, volume status,
response to meds.
What is assessed in macroscopic UA?: Color, clarity, turbidity.
What are non-disease causes of cloudy urine?: Mucus, sperm, protein, prostatic secretions.
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complete solution–Expert Verified
What does the nephron do?: Filtration, collection, hormonal regulation, blood pressure regulation via
medications.
Where does urine flow after formation in nephrons?: Into collecting ducts, then ureters,bladder, and
exits via urethra.
What is the micturition pathway?: Urine is stored in the bladder and exits through the urethraduring
voiding.
What does the Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) assess?: Electrolytes, kidney function, glucose.
What are key indicators of renal function in BMP?: BUN and creatinine levels.
What is serum creatinine (SCr)?: A muscle byproduct; normal ~0.6-1.2 mg/dL in adults, varies by age
and sex.
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?: A waste product from protein breakdown; normal range: 8-20mg/dL.
How should elevated BUN and Cr be approached?: Compare to baseline, check fornephrotoxins,
determine if pre-renal, renal, or post-renal.
What is the most common cause of post-renal obstruction in males?: Enlargedprostate.
What is the normal BUN:Cr ratio?: 10:1.
What BUN:Cr ratio suggests pre-renal causes?: >20:1 (e.g., dehydration, CHF, blood loss).
1/3
, What BUN:Cr ratio suggests intrinsic renal disease?: <20:1 (e.g., nephrotoxins, glomeru-
lonephritis, ATN, CKD).
Who should you call based on renal problem type?: Nephrology for pre-renal or renal;Urology for
post-renal.
What is GFR?: Glomerular filtration rate: filtrate volume per minute, used to stage kidney disease.
How is GFR estimated?: Using SCr, age, and sex via online calculators.
What is creatinine clearance (CrCl)?: Direct measure of kidney function via 24-hour urine collec-
tion; gold standard for drug dosing.
What is CrCl normal range?: 90-140 mL/min.
What are key uses of CrCl?: Monitoring kidney function, drug adjustment, assessing CKD/AKI.
What does urinalysis (UA) evaluate?: Kidney failure, UTI, stones, GU malignancy, volume status,
response to meds.
What is assessed in macroscopic UA?: Color, clarity, turbidity.
What are non-disease causes of cloudy urine?: Mucus, sperm, protein, prostatic secretions.
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