Biology EOC Study Guide with
Accurate Solutions
What is the study of Biology? - correct Answer-The science that seeks to understand
the living world. Studies molecules, cells, organisms, populations of a single organism,
communities of populations living in the same area, and the biosphere.
Contrast unicellular and multicellular organisms. - correct Answer-Unicellular only
consists of a single cell, and multicellular organisms consist of many cells.
What is homeostasis? Give an example. - correct Answer-Homeostasis is the process
by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. Example:
regulating body temperature.
What are the main characteristics of life? - correct Answer-The main characteristics of
life include: living things are made up of cells, living things reproduce, living things are
based on a universal genetic code, living things grow and develop, living things use
energy (metabolism), living things respond to their environment, living things maintain a
stable internal environment, and living things change over time (groups change).
What are the steps of a scientific method? - correct Answer-State the problem,
research, form a hypothesis, experiment using variables, collect data, derive a
conclusion.
How do scientists use the scientific method? - correct Answer-Scientists follow the
scientific method in all experiments performed to ensure proper results and data.
What are the purposes of using microscopes in science? - correct Answer-Microscopes
aid in magnifying images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
What is an element? - correct Answer-An element is a substance consisting entirely of
one type of atom.
What is an atom? - correct Answer-An atom is the basic unit of matter.
What is a molecule? - correct Answer-A molecule is the smallest unit of compounds.
What is a compound? - correct Answer-A compound is a substance formed by the
chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
, Describe the atomic structure of an atom. - correct Answer-An atom consists of protons,
neutrons, and electrons. The protons(+) and neutrons (neutral) are formed in the
nucleus. The electrons (-) orbit, or move around, the nucleus. The atomic number on
the periodic table is determined by the number of PROTONS present.
Describe the different types of atomic bonding (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) - correct
Answer-Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds
form when two or more electrons are transferred (lost or gained) from one atom to
another. Hydrogen bonds (opposite charges) are the strongest bonds that can form
between MOLECULES. Hydrogen bonds are the bonds present in a DNA molecule.
What are solutions? - correct Answer-Solutions are a mixture of two or more substances
in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed. Ex: Salt Water
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute? - correct Answer-A solvent is a
substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solute is a substance that
is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.
What does "polarity" mean in regards to the properties of water? - correct Answer-
Polarity involves a substance that has a distinct positive end and a distinct negative
end. Water is an example! Because it is polar, water molecules attract to other water
molecules.
What are organic compounds? - correct Answer-An organic compounds is any
compounds that contains carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of these compounds.
What is the main function of ATP? How is ATP made? - correct Answer-ATP provides
and stores energy for many cellular processes. ATP is made when a single phosphorus
is added to ADP.
What are three carbohydrates? - correct Answer-Glucose, fructose(monosaccharides),
galactose, disaccharides, and glycogen (polysaccharides). Elements: carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosarccharides.
What are the role of proteins and enzymes? - correct Answer-Proteins are polymers of
amino acid that control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process. Enzymes are
catalysts (remain unchanged during the reaction) that speed up chemical reactions that
take place in cells and break down certain substances. They speed up a reaction by
lowering the activation energy.
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? - correct Answer-Reactants
of cellular respiration include oxygen and glucose. The products are carbon dioxide,
water and energy.
Accurate Solutions
What is the study of Biology? - correct Answer-The science that seeks to understand
the living world. Studies molecules, cells, organisms, populations of a single organism,
communities of populations living in the same area, and the biosphere.
Contrast unicellular and multicellular organisms. - correct Answer-Unicellular only
consists of a single cell, and multicellular organisms consist of many cells.
What is homeostasis? Give an example. - correct Answer-Homeostasis is the process
by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. Example:
regulating body temperature.
What are the main characteristics of life? - correct Answer-The main characteristics of
life include: living things are made up of cells, living things reproduce, living things are
based on a universal genetic code, living things grow and develop, living things use
energy (metabolism), living things respond to their environment, living things maintain a
stable internal environment, and living things change over time (groups change).
What are the steps of a scientific method? - correct Answer-State the problem,
research, form a hypothesis, experiment using variables, collect data, derive a
conclusion.
How do scientists use the scientific method? - correct Answer-Scientists follow the
scientific method in all experiments performed to ensure proper results and data.
What are the purposes of using microscopes in science? - correct Answer-Microscopes
aid in magnifying images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
What is an element? - correct Answer-An element is a substance consisting entirely of
one type of atom.
What is an atom? - correct Answer-An atom is the basic unit of matter.
What is a molecule? - correct Answer-A molecule is the smallest unit of compounds.
What is a compound? - correct Answer-A compound is a substance formed by the
chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
, Describe the atomic structure of an atom. - correct Answer-An atom consists of protons,
neutrons, and electrons. The protons(+) and neutrons (neutral) are formed in the
nucleus. The electrons (-) orbit, or move around, the nucleus. The atomic number on
the periodic table is determined by the number of PROTONS present.
Describe the different types of atomic bonding (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) - correct
Answer-Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds
form when two or more electrons are transferred (lost or gained) from one atom to
another. Hydrogen bonds (opposite charges) are the strongest bonds that can form
between MOLECULES. Hydrogen bonds are the bonds present in a DNA molecule.
What are solutions? - correct Answer-Solutions are a mixture of two or more substances
in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed. Ex: Salt Water
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute? - correct Answer-A solvent is a
substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solute is a substance that
is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.
What does "polarity" mean in regards to the properties of water? - correct Answer-
Polarity involves a substance that has a distinct positive end and a distinct negative
end. Water is an example! Because it is polar, water molecules attract to other water
molecules.
What are organic compounds? - correct Answer-An organic compounds is any
compounds that contains carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of these compounds.
What is the main function of ATP? How is ATP made? - correct Answer-ATP provides
and stores energy for many cellular processes. ATP is made when a single phosphorus
is added to ADP.
What are three carbohydrates? - correct Answer-Glucose, fructose(monosaccharides),
galactose, disaccharides, and glycogen (polysaccharides). Elements: carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosarccharides.
What are the role of proteins and enzymes? - correct Answer-Proteins are polymers of
amino acid that control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process. Enzymes are
catalysts (remain unchanged during the reaction) that speed up chemical reactions that
take place in cells and break down certain substances. They speed up a reaction by
lowering the activation energy.
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? - correct Answer-Reactants
of cellular respiration include oxygen and glucose. The products are carbon dioxide,
water and energy.
