nurs 151 exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
- Dilemma of unregulated nursing education and practice,
trained v. untrained nurses, increasing role of MDs in
controlling nursing as a young profession (included MD-owned
SON and MD-developed nursing curriculum)
- 1900 Annual Convention of the Nurses Associated Alumnae
(later the American Nurses Association)
1901 International Congress of Nursing
- Initiative for self-regulation of nurses led to state nurses'
associations, state "nurse registration" acts (eg. Virginia in
1903), state nurse practice acts, enhanced SON admission
criteria, longer and more rigorous SON curriculum, and state
RN licensure/registration
Nurse Licensure and Registration
- Medical/scientific advances in both Dx and Rx led to increased
sophistication of nursing care, return of patient care to the
hospital setting, and the essential role of the nurse in patient care
- Yale University SON (1923), Columbia University SON
(1937), Catholic University of America SON (1935)
- Post-WW2 nursing shortage forced reassessment of nursing
education and the role of the RN
- 1948 Brown Report documented training v. education, nurses
also needed science and humanities-based courses, endless task
repetition was not critical to learning, paid labor workforce v.
un/underpaid student nurse
-1952 ADN programs initiated at existing community/junior
,colleges
Increased push for BSN-educated nurses with medical advances
Transition from Hospital SON to the University/College SON
-Born into an upper class British family, home-schooled by her
educated parents … smart and artistic with a natural instinct for
caring for the ill/injured, math, critical thinking,
persuading/influencing others, and project management
-Persuaded her parents to allow her to attend a Lutheran
Deaconess nursing “institute” in Kaiserwerth, Germany
- Later oversaw nursing care at a private women’s clinic near
Harley Street in London, and played a major role during a
London cholera outbreak
Persuaded by a family friend (British War Minister) to travel to
Scutari, Turkey in 1854 to care for ill/injured British soldiers
during the Crimea War … returned ill/exhausted, later
documenting that horrific reality for a Royal Commission
- Rewarded by Queen Victoria with a jeweled pin and 50K
English pounds, which she later used to fund a nursing school in
her name at St Thomas Hospital in London (now associated with
King’s College in London)
- Authored Notes on Nursing to educate women on how to care
for family members in the home setting
Florence Nightingale (Lady with the Lamp)
- Nursing should be taught using a specialized and rigorous
curriculum .. setting the foundation for nursing as a profession
,- "Monitor and report" = essential nursing responsibilities
- The patient requires a healing environment that includes
ventilation of fresh air, natural light, rest, nutrition (and
hydration), proper sanitation, hygiene, and lack of overcrowding
- Designed the pavilion wing style of hospital wards
- Used statistics to document patient outcomes
Florence Nightingale's Contribution to Nursing
- Concerned with poverty, immigrant health, illiteracy,
inadequate sanitation, poor drinking water, malnutrition, disease
transmission in crowded settings, maternal/infant mortality,
child growth/development, and remote/rural access to healthcare
- Incorporated home visits (including home births),
church/school clinic days, inner city clinics (eg Lillian Wald and
the Henry Street Settlement House in NYC)
- Visiting Nurses Association (VNA)
- Frontier Nursing Services
- Union of the King's Daughters in Norfolk VA
- Prototype for the CNM and NP roles
Public Health Nursing
- 1893 steamship Clifford in Boston Harbor
- Staffed with nurses as well as Tufts U/Harvard U medical
students and physicians
- Served indigent women and children from inner city
tenements, especially during the hot summers
- Provided sunshine, ventilation, recreation, nutritious meals,
lactation guidance, health teaching, salt water baths, donated
, diapers, clean baby bottles, donated breast milk, infant formula,
and medications
- Resulted in development of the Similac infant formula
- Later became the Tufts Children’s Hospital of Boston
Boston Floating Hospital
- War (US Revolutionary and Civil wars, Spanish-American
War, WW1, WW2, Korean War....)
- Epidemics (influenza, typhoid, diphtheria, whooping cough,
scarlet fever, measles, mumps, meningitis, cholera, polio, TB...)
- Natural disasters (flood, hurricane, earthquake, mine
explosion...)
Nurses During Crisis
- 1918-1919 Spanish Flu global pandemic (H1N1 influenza)
- Conflicted with WW1
- Mutated influenza strained traced to a WW1 US Army camp in
Kansas ... later spread to Boston and Philadelphia...extremely
contagious with life-threatening respiratory complications
(pneumonia with ARDS)
- Nursing care included fluid/electrolyte rehydration (soup,
broth, tea), fever baths, Vick's vapor rub, Listerine gargles,
ASA, ETOH, cough medicine, Morphine, Oxygen, Digitalis and
strict isolation/PPE (cloth mask and gown, sheet barriers)
- Exhausted the national nurse supply ... many nurses would
become infected and die from caring for ill patients
Nurses During Pandemic
- Dilemma of unregulated nursing education and practice,
trained v. untrained nurses, increasing role of MDs in
controlling nursing as a young profession (included MD-owned
SON and MD-developed nursing curriculum)
- 1900 Annual Convention of the Nurses Associated Alumnae
(later the American Nurses Association)
1901 International Congress of Nursing
- Initiative for self-regulation of nurses led to state nurses'
associations, state "nurse registration" acts (eg. Virginia in
1903), state nurse practice acts, enhanced SON admission
criteria, longer and more rigorous SON curriculum, and state
RN licensure/registration
Nurse Licensure and Registration
- Medical/scientific advances in both Dx and Rx led to increased
sophistication of nursing care, return of patient care to the
hospital setting, and the essential role of the nurse in patient care
- Yale University SON (1923), Columbia University SON
(1937), Catholic University of America SON (1935)
- Post-WW2 nursing shortage forced reassessment of nursing
education and the role of the RN
- 1948 Brown Report documented training v. education, nurses
also needed science and humanities-based courses, endless task
repetition was not critical to learning, paid labor workforce v.
un/underpaid student nurse
-1952 ADN programs initiated at existing community/junior
,colleges
Increased push for BSN-educated nurses with medical advances
Transition from Hospital SON to the University/College SON
-Born into an upper class British family, home-schooled by her
educated parents … smart and artistic with a natural instinct for
caring for the ill/injured, math, critical thinking,
persuading/influencing others, and project management
-Persuaded her parents to allow her to attend a Lutheran
Deaconess nursing “institute” in Kaiserwerth, Germany
- Later oversaw nursing care at a private women’s clinic near
Harley Street in London, and played a major role during a
London cholera outbreak
Persuaded by a family friend (British War Minister) to travel to
Scutari, Turkey in 1854 to care for ill/injured British soldiers
during the Crimea War … returned ill/exhausted, later
documenting that horrific reality for a Royal Commission
- Rewarded by Queen Victoria with a jeweled pin and 50K
English pounds, which she later used to fund a nursing school in
her name at St Thomas Hospital in London (now associated with
King’s College in London)
- Authored Notes on Nursing to educate women on how to care
for family members in the home setting
Florence Nightingale (Lady with the Lamp)
- Nursing should be taught using a specialized and rigorous
curriculum .. setting the foundation for nursing as a profession
,- "Monitor and report" = essential nursing responsibilities
- The patient requires a healing environment that includes
ventilation of fresh air, natural light, rest, nutrition (and
hydration), proper sanitation, hygiene, and lack of overcrowding
- Designed the pavilion wing style of hospital wards
- Used statistics to document patient outcomes
Florence Nightingale's Contribution to Nursing
- Concerned with poverty, immigrant health, illiteracy,
inadequate sanitation, poor drinking water, malnutrition, disease
transmission in crowded settings, maternal/infant mortality,
child growth/development, and remote/rural access to healthcare
- Incorporated home visits (including home births),
church/school clinic days, inner city clinics (eg Lillian Wald and
the Henry Street Settlement House in NYC)
- Visiting Nurses Association (VNA)
- Frontier Nursing Services
- Union of the King's Daughters in Norfolk VA
- Prototype for the CNM and NP roles
Public Health Nursing
- 1893 steamship Clifford in Boston Harbor
- Staffed with nurses as well as Tufts U/Harvard U medical
students and physicians
- Served indigent women and children from inner city
tenements, especially during the hot summers
- Provided sunshine, ventilation, recreation, nutritious meals,
lactation guidance, health teaching, salt water baths, donated
, diapers, clean baby bottles, donated breast milk, infant formula,
and medications
- Resulted in development of the Similac infant formula
- Later became the Tufts Children’s Hospital of Boston
Boston Floating Hospital
- War (US Revolutionary and Civil wars, Spanish-American
War, WW1, WW2, Korean War....)
- Epidemics (influenza, typhoid, diphtheria, whooping cough,
scarlet fever, measles, mumps, meningitis, cholera, polio, TB...)
- Natural disasters (flood, hurricane, earthquake, mine
explosion...)
Nurses During Crisis
- 1918-1919 Spanish Flu global pandemic (H1N1 influenza)
- Conflicted with WW1
- Mutated influenza strained traced to a WW1 US Army camp in
Kansas ... later spread to Boston and Philadelphia...extremely
contagious with life-threatening respiratory complications
(pneumonia with ARDS)
- Nursing care included fluid/electrolyte rehydration (soup,
broth, tea), fever baths, Vick's vapor rub, Listerine gargles,
ASA, ETOH, cough medicine, Morphine, Oxygen, Digitalis and
strict isolation/PPE (cloth mask and gown, sheet barriers)
- Exhausted the national nurse supply ... many nurses would
become infected and die from caring for ill patients
Nurses During Pandemic
