Neurological Physiotherapy Questions and Graded Answers, 100%
Guarantee
Neurological Physiotherapy - Reducing activity limitations and
participation restrictions and to
optimise quality of life for people who
experience disorders of the central
nervous system
Upper motor neuron (UMN) - collective term including all the descending pathways that
control the activities of the
neurons that supply the muscles (LMNs)
- originate in higher centres (i.e. motor cortex) & synapse with LMNs
Lower motor neuron (LMN) - motor neurons in the ventral (anterior) horns of the spinal
cord and in the motor nuclei of
the cranial nerves
- originate in the spinal cord & brainstem
- directly innervate skeletal muscle
First order neurons (Sensory) - - activated in the periphery by sensory input (e.g. touch,
proprioception, vision)
- can synapse with other sensory neurons (second- or third-order
neurons) for transmission towards the cortex, or with motor neurons
(e.g. reflexes)
Second order neurons (Sensory) - generally arise in the spinal cord or brain stem
- receive input from first order neurons in periphery
, - send information to higher centres through synapses with third order
neurons
Third order neurons (Sensory) - - generally arise in the thalamus
- receive input from second order neurons
- project information to the cortex
Motor and descending pathways - Pyramidal tracts; lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts
Extrapyramidal tracts; rubrospinal, reticulospinal, olivospinal, vestibulospinal tract
Sensory and ascending pathways - DCML; gracile and cuneate fasciculus
Spinocerebellar tracts; post and ant spinocerebellar tracts
Anterolateral system; lateral and anterior spino-thalamic tract, spino-olivary fibres
cross section spinal cord -
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)/ Stroke - A serious condition that occurs when an artery
of the brain breaks or becomes blocked
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Disruption in normal functioning caused by a blow or jolt
to the head or penetrating injury
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Autoimmune disease of the central nervous system; myelin
sheath is degenerated around nerves.
Guillian-Barre Syndrome - Autoimmune, acute inflammatory demyelinating
polyneuropathy; a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system
Guarantee
Neurological Physiotherapy - Reducing activity limitations and
participation restrictions and to
optimise quality of life for people who
experience disorders of the central
nervous system
Upper motor neuron (UMN) - collective term including all the descending pathways that
control the activities of the
neurons that supply the muscles (LMNs)
- originate in higher centres (i.e. motor cortex) & synapse with LMNs
Lower motor neuron (LMN) - motor neurons in the ventral (anterior) horns of the spinal
cord and in the motor nuclei of
the cranial nerves
- originate in the spinal cord & brainstem
- directly innervate skeletal muscle
First order neurons (Sensory) - - activated in the periphery by sensory input (e.g. touch,
proprioception, vision)
- can synapse with other sensory neurons (second- or third-order
neurons) for transmission towards the cortex, or with motor neurons
(e.g. reflexes)
Second order neurons (Sensory) - generally arise in the spinal cord or brain stem
- receive input from first order neurons in periphery
, - send information to higher centres through synapses with third order
neurons
Third order neurons (Sensory) - - generally arise in the thalamus
- receive input from second order neurons
- project information to the cortex
Motor and descending pathways - Pyramidal tracts; lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts
Extrapyramidal tracts; rubrospinal, reticulospinal, olivospinal, vestibulospinal tract
Sensory and ascending pathways - DCML; gracile and cuneate fasciculus
Spinocerebellar tracts; post and ant spinocerebellar tracts
Anterolateral system; lateral and anterior spino-thalamic tract, spino-olivary fibres
cross section spinal cord -
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)/ Stroke - A serious condition that occurs when an artery
of the brain breaks or becomes blocked
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Disruption in normal functioning caused by a blow or jolt
to the head or penetrating injury
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Autoimmune disease of the central nervous system; myelin
sheath is degenerated around nerves.
Guillian-Barre Syndrome - Autoimmune, acute inflammatory demyelinating
polyneuropathy; a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system
