Test Bank - Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 8th Edition - Turgeon, Chapters 1 - 27|| Complete Latest Guide A+

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Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 8th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 xz




Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE xz




1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.

ANS: B x z


Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I xz xz




2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
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a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. xz




ANS: C x z


Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried p
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owders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I xz xz




3. A xz specific function of the immune system is to
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a. recognize self from nonself. xz xz xz


b. defend the body against nonself. xz xz xz xz


c. amplify specific functions. xz xz


d. Both A and B. xz xz xz




ANS: D x z


The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body ag
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ainst nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspeci
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fic effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components
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of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and
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soluble factors (e.g., complement).xz xz xz




DIF: Cognitive Level: I xz xz




4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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a. natural resistance. xz


b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. xz xz xz xz

, c. an autoimmune disorder.
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d. recovery from infectious disease. xz xz xz




ANS: C x z


The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired r
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esistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
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zmany disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transp
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lanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I xz xz




5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. xz xz xz




ANS: D x z


The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, wit
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h the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperatio
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n among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of ly
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mphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
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mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system ca
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n replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific
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cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I xz xz




6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the xz xz xz xz xz xz xz


a. immediate hours after conception xz xz xz


b. second month of gestation. xz xz xz


c. second trimester of gestation. xz xz xz


d. periods of severe anemia in children.
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ANS: A x z


The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the emb
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ryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II xz xz




7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
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c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. xz xz xz xz


d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
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ANS: A x z

, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets
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of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace
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the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the l
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iver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made t
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heir initial appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal
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life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the
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fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of he
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matopoiesis.

DIF: Cognitive Level: II xz xz




8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
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a. to reduce inflammation.xz xz


b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
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c. antigen recognition. xz


d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D x z


Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal s
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ystem, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury
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and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving t
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o the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place
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to deal with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tis
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sues can be released in severe infections.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II xz xz




9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
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a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. xz xz xz




ANS: D x z


Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
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1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme xz xz xz xz xz xz xz


, myeloperoxidase) xz


2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz


3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases xz xz xz xz xz xz




DIF: Cognitive Level: I xz xz




10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associat
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ed with: xz


a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba xz


c. allergic reactions xz


d. bacteria
ANS: C x z