NURS-6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam – MCQAs (Part 1: Q1–Q25)
Q1. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Q2. What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A. Protein synthesis
B. DNA replication
C. Lipid storage
D. Hormone secretion
Q3. Which type of cell signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant
target cells?
A. Autocrine
B. Paracrine
C. Endocrine
D. Synaptic
,Q4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Q5. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Filtration
Q6. Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
A. Uncontrolled cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Necrosis
D. Autolysis
Q7. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with hypoxia in the kidneys and heart?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
, Q8. A 65-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis presents with hypoxemia. Which
compensatory mechanism is expected?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Polycythemia
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Decreased hematocrit
Q9. Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism by increasing bone
resorption?
A. Insulin
B. Calcitonin
C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D. Aldosterone
Q10. Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity?
A. Mediated by IgE
B. Mediated by T cells
C. Involves immune complex deposition
D. Associated with delayed response
Q11. In myocardial infarction, which biomarker is the most specific indicator of cardiac injury?
A. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
B. Myoglobin
Exam – MCQAs (Part 1: Q1–Q25)
Q1. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Q2. What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A. Protein synthesis
B. DNA replication
C. Lipid storage
D. Hormone secretion
Q3. Which type of cell signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant
target cells?
A. Autocrine
B. Paracrine
C. Endocrine
D. Synaptic
,Q4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Q5. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Filtration
Q6. Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
A. Uncontrolled cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Necrosis
D. Autolysis
Q7. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with hypoxia in the kidneys and heart?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
, Q8. A 65-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis presents with hypoxemia. Which
compensatory mechanism is expected?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Polycythemia
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Decreased hematocrit
Q9. Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism by increasing bone
resorption?
A. Insulin
B. Calcitonin
C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D. Aldosterone
Q10. Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity?
A. Mediated by IgE
B. Mediated by T cells
C. Involves immune complex deposition
D. Associated with delayed response
Q11. In myocardial infarction, which biomarker is the most specific indicator of cardiac injury?
A. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
B. Myoglobin
