Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. the correct answer is *metabolic An 8-month old iguana presents for further evalua-
bone disease*. tion of a lack of thriving. On physical exam, a pliable
mandible and maxilla are palpated. What is your
Usually, you will see *bowing of the diagnosis?
long bones* with rounding of the
skull in addition to the clinical find- a. Metabolic bone disease
ings mentioned. b. Coccidioidmycosis
c. This is a normal finding
The disease usually occurs as a re- d. Osteomyelitits
sult of *secondary nutritional hy-
perparathyroidism*. When there is
inadequate calcium absorbed from
the diet, the *parathyroid glands be-
come hyperactive, causing release of
calcium stores in the bones*, leading
to *fibrous and pliable* bones.
Adequate nutrition is key to prevent-
ing this disease!!
2. The etiologic agent for *PBFD* is You are presented with two young wild cocka-
*circovirus-1* and *circovirus-2* so toos that have immature, clubbed feathers and a
submitting a *whole blood* sample malformed beak (see image). You suspect this is
for *DNA probe* analysis is the best Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD). Which
method to check for *viremia*. test would you run to confirm your diagnosis?
a. PCR probe of whole blood for circovirus DNA
b. A serologic test for antibody to herpesvirus
c. PCR probe of whole blood for polyomavirus DNA
d. A gram stain of the diseased feather pulp.
, Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
3. *Uterine adenocarcinoma* is the A 5-year old female intact New Zealand White rabbit
most common *neoplasia* of *fe- presents for *hematuria, anorexia*, and *weight
male rabbits*, with up to *80%* in- loss*. What is the most likely differential?
cidence among intact females of cer-
tain species. a. Uterine adenocarcinoma
b. Normal Estrous
Because of this, all female rab- c. Rabbit syphilis
bits that are *not breeders* should d. Porphyrinuria
be *spayed*. The most common e. Pregnancy
signs of uterine ACA are *hematuria,
anorexia, depression, dysuria*, and
*milk production*.
Pregnancy would be unlikely to
cause *hematuria*. Rabbits are *in-
duced ovulators* and *do not* ex-
hibit estrous. Hematuria must be
distinguished from *porphyrinuria*,
which is a normal *red or orange*
pigment in the urine of some *rab-
bits*. However, porphyrinuria *DOES
NOT* cause *anorexia* and *weight
loss*.
Rabbit syphilis is a *sexually* trans-
mitted disease caused by *Trepone-
ma paraluis cuniculi*. It causes *per-
, Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
ineal lesions* but does not cause
hematuria
4. The correct answer is *vertebral frac- A client brings in her rabbit, which acutely went
ture*. down in the hind limbs after playing with the own-
er's daughter yesterday. On physical exam, the rab-
Fractures in the *caudal lumbar* re- bit is dribbling urine and has no withdrawal in the
gion frequently occur when rabbits hind legs. Forelimbs are normal. What do you sus-
*are not handled properly* or are pect?
stimulated to jump around exces-
sively. a. Hansen's type II disc herniation
b. Vertebral fracture
*Fractures* are *much more com- c. Fibrocartilage embolism
mon* than *luxations, disc extru- d. Vertebral luxation
sions*, or *emboli*. e. Hansen's type I herniation
The most common site of fracture is
*L7*.
5. The correct answer is *renal adeno- An adult budgerigar presents sitting on the floor
carcinoma*. of its cage. It has a history of polydipsia, weight
loss, and progressive left leg lameness. What is your
A *mass* in the renal parenchyma of highest suspicion for what may be causing these
a bird will compress and compromise signs?
the function of the *ischiatic nerve*,
causing a unilateral leg *lameness*. a. Renal adenocarcinoma
b. Bumble foot
We would be unlikely to see *unilat- c. Lead toxicity
eral lameness* with *lead toxicity*. d. Teflon toxicity
Bumblefoot could affect *one* foot,
but *WOULD NOT* cause polydipsia.
, Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Teflon toxicity causes *acute death*
in *birds*.
6. The correct answer is to *euthanize You diagnose a colony of mice with lymphocytic
the colony*. choriomeningitis (LCM). What is your next step?
*LCM* is caused by an *RNA are- a. Euthanize the colony
navirus*. b. Treat aggressively with antibiotics
c. Do nothing; the disease is self limiting
The disease is a *zoonotic* concern, d. Notify the federal authorities
so *euthanasia is recommended* for
animals affected with the disease.
7. The correct answer is *metabolic A one year old rescued iguana presents for further
bone disease*. Other things to look evaluation as a result of poor growth. Survey radi-
for are a *pliable mandible* and ographs show osteopenia and evidence of remod-
*maxilla*. eling suggestive of a previous fracture. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Usually, you will see *bowing* of the
*long bones* with rounding of the a. Hypovitaminosis C
*skull*. The disease usually occurs b. Primary Hypoparathyroidism
as a result of *secondary nutrition- c. Gout
al hyperparathyroidism* or hypovita- d. Metabolic bone disease
minosis D.
*Gout* results from a *primary over-
production* of uric acid or an *inabil-
ity* to *excrete uric acid*.
8. The correct answer is *ivermectin*. A turtle is presented to you for diarrhea. You diag-
nose a nematode infection on fecal smear. Which of
*Ivermectin* is highly *toxic in tur- the following is not a treatment option for the turtle?
tles* and causes *paresis, paralysis, *It will kill the nematode as well as the turtle*
CORRECT Answers
1. the correct answer is *metabolic An 8-month old iguana presents for further evalua-
bone disease*. tion of a lack of thriving. On physical exam, a pliable
mandible and maxilla are palpated. What is your
Usually, you will see *bowing of the diagnosis?
long bones* with rounding of the
skull in addition to the clinical find- a. Metabolic bone disease
ings mentioned. b. Coccidioidmycosis
c. This is a normal finding
The disease usually occurs as a re- d. Osteomyelitits
sult of *secondary nutritional hy-
perparathyroidism*. When there is
inadequate calcium absorbed from
the diet, the *parathyroid glands be-
come hyperactive, causing release of
calcium stores in the bones*, leading
to *fibrous and pliable* bones.
Adequate nutrition is key to prevent-
ing this disease!!
2. The etiologic agent for *PBFD* is You are presented with two young wild cocka-
*circovirus-1* and *circovirus-2* so toos that have immature, clubbed feathers and a
submitting a *whole blood* sample malformed beak (see image). You suspect this is
for *DNA probe* analysis is the best Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD). Which
method to check for *viremia*. test would you run to confirm your diagnosis?
a. PCR probe of whole blood for circovirus DNA
b. A serologic test for antibody to herpesvirus
c. PCR probe of whole blood for polyomavirus DNA
d. A gram stain of the diseased feather pulp.
, Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
3. *Uterine adenocarcinoma* is the A 5-year old female intact New Zealand White rabbit
most common *neoplasia* of *fe- presents for *hematuria, anorexia*, and *weight
male rabbits*, with up to *80%* in- loss*. What is the most likely differential?
cidence among intact females of cer-
tain species. a. Uterine adenocarcinoma
b. Normal Estrous
Because of this, all female rab- c. Rabbit syphilis
bits that are *not breeders* should d. Porphyrinuria
be *spayed*. The most common e. Pregnancy
signs of uterine ACA are *hematuria,
anorexia, depression, dysuria*, and
*milk production*.
Pregnancy would be unlikely to
cause *hematuria*. Rabbits are *in-
duced ovulators* and *do not* ex-
hibit estrous. Hematuria must be
distinguished from *porphyrinuria*,
which is a normal *red or orange*
pigment in the urine of some *rab-
bits*. However, porphyrinuria *DOES
NOT* cause *anorexia* and *weight
loss*.
Rabbit syphilis is a *sexually* trans-
mitted disease caused by *Trepone-
ma paraluis cuniculi*. It causes *per-
, Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
ineal lesions* but does not cause
hematuria
4. The correct answer is *vertebral frac- A client brings in her rabbit, which acutely went
ture*. down in the hind limbs after playing with the own-
er's daughter yesterday. On physical exam, the rab-
Fractures in the *caudal lumbar* re- bit is dribbling urine and has no withdrawal in the
gion frequently occur when rabbits hind legs. Forelimbs are normal. What do you sus-
*are not handled properly* or are pect?
stimulated to jump around exces-
sively. a. Hansen's type II disc herniation
b. Vertebral fracture
*Fractures* are *much more com- c. Fibrocartilage embolism
mon* than *luxations, disc extru- d. Vertebral luxation
sions*, or *emboli*. e. Hansen's type I herniation
The most common site of fracture is
*L7*.
5. The correct answer is *renal adeno- An adult budgerigar presents sitting on the floor
carcinoma*. of its cage. It has a history of polydipsia, weight
loss, and progressive left leg lameness. What is your
A *mass* in the renal parenchyma of highest suspicion for what may be causing these
a bird will compress and compromise signs?
the function of the *ischiatic nerve*,
causing a unilateral leg *lameness*. a. Renal adenocarcinoma
b. Bumble foot
We would be unlikely to see *unilat- c. Lead toxicity
eral lameness* with *lead toxicity*. d. Teflon toxicity
Bumblefoot could affect *one* foot,
but *WOULD NOT* cause polydipsia.
, Exotics NAVLE Question Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Teflon toxicity causes *acute death*
in *birds*.
6. The correct answer is to *euthanize You diagnose a colony of mice with lymphocytic
the colony*. choriomeningitis (LCM). What is your next step?
*LCM* is caused by an *RNA are- a. Euthanize the colony
navirus*. b. Treat aggressively with antibiotics
c. Do nothing; the disease is self limiting
The disease is a *zoonotic* concern, d. Notify the federal authorities
so *euthanasia is recommended* for
animals affected with the disease.
7. The correct answer is *metabolic A one year old rescued iguana presents for further
bone disease*. Other things to look evaluation as a result of poor growth. Survey radi-
for are a *pliable mandible* and ographs show osteopenia and evidence of remod-
*maxilla*. eling suggestive of a previous fracture. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Usually, you will see *bowing* of the
*long bones* with rounding of the a. Hypovitaminosis C
*skull*. The disease usually occurs b. Primary Hypoparathyroidism
as a result of *secondary nutrition- c. Gout
al hyperparathyroidism* or hypovita- d. Metabolic bone disease
minosis D.
*Gout* results from a *primary over-
production* of uric acid or an *inabil-
ity* to *excrete uric acid*.
8. The correct answer is *ivermectin*. A turtle is presented to you for diarrhea. You diag-
nose a nematode infection on fecal smear. Which of
*Ivermectin* is highly *toxic in tur- the following is not a treatment option for the turtle?
tles* and causes *paresis, paralysis, *It will kill the nematode as well as the turtle*
