NAVLE study guide ACTUAL UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. what is the MOA of xylitol toxicity in rapid release of insulin causing hypoglycemia
dogs? -also hepatic failure
2. what are the CS of xylitol toxicosis in -hypoglycemia: vomiting, ataxia, depression,
dogs? seizures, coma
-hypokalemia
-liver issues
3. how do you treat xylitol toxicosis in -fluids containing dextrose
dogs? -glucose & liver value monitoring (coags as well)
-hepatoprotectants (SAMe)
4. how do you treat bleach toxicosis? -dilute stomach w milk, do NOT induce emesis
-GI protectants
5. what is the MOA of black widow Ach in the toxin binds Ca2+ channels --> ascending
bites? motor paralysis & destruction of peripheral nerves
(Latrodectus mactans, L. hesperus)
6. what are the CS of black widow toxi- -recumbency
cosis? -vocalizing
-pain
-rigidity w muscle spasms
-death from resp/CV failure
7. what is warfarin? anticoagulant rodenticide that interferes w II, VII, IX,
X
-tx = oral vit K1 & plasma if chronic
8. which coag value will be prolonged prothrombin time (PT) bc VII has shortest half-life & is
soonest after ingestion of anticoag- part of extrinsic system
ulant rodenticides?
1/9
, NAVLE study guide ACTUAL UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
9. what is brodifacoum? anticoagulant rodenticide that interferes w II, VII, IX,
X
-D-con inhibits epoxide reductase
-tx = vitK1
10. what is cholecalciferol? rodenticide that gets converted to active vit D to cause
increased resorption & gut absorption of Ca2+ lead-
ing to sometimes fatal hyperCa2+
11. what are the CS of ethylene glycol -high AG
toxicosis? -azotemia
-Ca oxalate crystalluria
-metabolic acidosis
-hyperglycemia
-PU, oliguria, or anuria (worst)
-hypoCa2+ (from chelation of Ca by EG metabolites)
12. how do you tx ethylene glycol toxico- treatment aimed at alcohol dehydrogenase
sis? -4-MP aka fomepizole (does not work in cats)
-ethanol
13. what is the MOA of organophos- inhibits acetylcholinesterase (increasing Ach) -->
phate toxicosis? muscarininc signs such as SLUD, incoordination,
bloat
14. how do you tx organophosphate tox- atropine or 2-PAM (an acetylcholinesterase)
icosis?
15. what does fleet enema toxicosis -hypernatremia & hyperphosphatemia (d/t absorp-
cause? tion from colon)
-hypocalcemia --> weakness, shock, tremors, seizures
16.
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CORRECT Answers
1. what is the MOA of xylitol toxicity in rapid release of insulin causing hypoglycemia
dogs? -also hepatic failure
2. what are the CS of xylitol toxicosis in -hypoglycemia: vomiting, ataxia, depression,
dogs? seizures, coma
-hypokalemia
-liver issues
3. how do you treat xylitol toxicosis in -fluids containing dextrose
dogs? -glucose & liver value monitoring (coags as well)
-hepatoprotectants (SAMe)
4. how do you treat bleach toxicosis? -dilute stomach w milk, do NOT induce emesis
-GI protectants
5. what is the MOA of black widow Ach in the toxin binds Ca2+ channels --> ascending
bites? motor paralysis & destruction of peripheral nerves
(Latrodectus mactans, L. hesperus)
6. what are the CS of black widow toxi- -recumbency
cosis? -vocalizing
-pain
-rigidity w muscle spasms
-death from resp/CV failure
7. what is warfarin? anticoagulant rodenticide that interferes w II, VII, IX,
X
-tx = oral vit K1 & plasma if chronic
8. which coag value will be prolonged prothrombin time (PT) bc VII has shortest half-life & is
soonest after ingestion of anticoag- part of extrinsic system
ulant rodenticides?
1/9
, NAVLE study guide ACTUAL UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
9. what is brodifacoum? anticoagulant rodenticide that interferes w II, VII, IX,
X
-D-con inhibits epoxide reductase
-tx = vitK1
10. what is cholecalciferol? rodenticide that gets converted to active vit D to cause
increased resorption & gut absorption of Ca2+ lead-
ing to sometimes fatal hyperCa2+
11. what are the CS of ethylene glycol -high AG
toxicosis? -azotemia
-Ca oxalate crystalluria
-metabolic acidosis
-hyperglycemia
-PU, oliguria, or anuria (worst)
-hypoCa2+ (from chelation of Ca by EG metabolites)
12. how do you tx ethylene glycol toxico- treatment aimed at alcohol dehydrogenase
sis? -4-MP aka fomepizole (does not work in cats)
-ethanol
13. what is the MOA of organophos- inhibits acetylcholinesterase (increasing Ach) -->
phate toxicosis? muscarininc signs such as SLUD, incoordination,
bloat
14. how do you tx organophosphate tox- atropine or 2-PAM (an acetylcholinesterase)
icosis?
15. what does fleet enema toxicosis -hypernatremia & hyperphosphatemia (d/t absorp-
cause? tion from colon)
-hypocalcemia --> weakness, shock, tremors, seizures
16.
2/9
