ARMDS ECHO RDCS BOARD REGISTRY TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
Which is the following is the typical treatment for advanced pericarditis?
a. thoracentesis
b. stent placement
c. heart transplant
d. pericardectomy – ANSWER: d
When recording flow velocity on the LVOT, the:
a. PW Doppler cursor should be placed distal to the aortic valve closure
b. CW doppler should be placed parallel to the aortic valve closure
c. CW doppler should be placed perpendicular to the aortic valve closure
d. PW Doppler cursor should be placed proximal to the aortic valve closure - ANSWER: d
The ultrasound system relies on the ____________________ for accurate recording of motion clips
on an echo
a. R wave and T wave on the EKG
b. system timer to be set at 5 seconds
c. QRS on the EKG
d. system timer to be set at 3 seconds - ANSWER: a
Which of the following describes how to differentiate a ruptured chordae attached to a flail
anterior mitral leaflet from a vegetation attached to the anterior mitral leaflet?
a. Flail leaflets usually cause regurgitation and vegetations normally cause stenosis.
b. Mitral vegetations normally form on the atrial side of the valve and the ruptured
chordae related to a flail leaflet will be identified on the ventricular side of the valve. c.
Vegetations are much more hypoechoic than the chordae tendinae.
d. A flail mitral leaflet demonstrates a distinct appearance on m-mode that is easily
differentiated from the m-mode appearance of vegetation on the valve. - ANSWER: b
Which of the following decreases as aortic stenosis
increases in severity?
A: time velocity interval
B: mean pressure gradient
C: peak pressure gradient
D: valve area - ANSWER: d
Which of the following would be part of the
standard patient history that should be
obtained for every transesophageal echo but not
for a transthoracic echo?
,A: History of radiation treatment
B: NPO status
C: Patient gender
D: Abnormalities in exercise tolerance level - ANSWER: b
Propranolol can be used to treat
A: patent ductus arteriosus
B: subaortic stenosis caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C: vegetation formation on the tricuspid valve
D: carcinoid disease - ANSWER: b
8. Which type of valvular regurgitation
usually demonstrates the highest pressure
gradient? A: Pulmonary insufficiency
B: Aortic insufficiency
C: Tricuspid regurgitation
D: Mitral regurgitation - ANSWER: d
____________________ is defined as an abnormal
connection of the left subclavian vein to the
coronary sinus.
A: DiGeorge syndrome
B: persistent left SVC
C: persistent right SVC
D: Ebstein malformation - ANSWER: b
You identify thickened, tethered mitral leaflets, decreased E-F slope on PW Doppler, and
right ventricular hypertrophy on an echo. These are all signs of
A: mitral valve prolapse
B: mitral stenosis
C: endocarditis
D: pulmonary HTN - ANSWER: b
11. Which of the following echocardiographic findings is least likely to be associated with
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
A: MVP
B: ASD
C: sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
D: peripheral pulmonary stenosis - ANSWER: d
While obtaining a PW Doppler tracing of the
mitral valve, you notice the E peak is moderately
taller than the A peak on the waveform and it has
a shorter than normal deceleration time. Which of
the following will cause this finding?
A: grade 1 diastolic dysfunction
B: restrictive cardiomyopathy
C: pulmonary HTN
D: mitral stenosis - ANSWER: b
,Which of the following right ventricular wall segments is seen on the apical 4 chamber view?
A: Inferior
B: Lateral
C: Medial
D: Anterior - ANSWER: b
How do you measure the strain rate for a specific segment of the left ventricular wall?
A: Measure the wall thickness in systole and diastole
B: use m-mode to demonstrate the velocity of the segment of interest and the adjacent
normal segments
C: Take 2-3 tissue Doppler samples from the area of interest
D: Take 2-3 PW Doppler samples from the area of interest - ANSWER: c
If there is a weak signal and significant fluctuation in the vertical position of the EKG tracing
across the screen:
A: the skin contact with the electrodes is poor
B: the EKG should be increased to a maximum level
C: the alcohol used to clean the skin is causing artifact
D: a cell phone or other nearby electrical device is causing interference ANSWER: - a
A patient currently undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer is referred for an echo. A
small mass is noted within the right ventricular wall and a mild pericardial effusion. There is
debris and fibrous strands throughout the effusion. The mass is in the right ventricle is most
likely
A: primary cardiac malignancy
B: rhabdomyoma
C: secondary cardiac malignancy
D: myxoma - ANSWER: c
Global longitudinal strain is measured from:
A: parasternal views
B: subcostal views
C: apical views
D: more than one of the above - ANSWER: c
Which of the following is the most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation?
A: pulmonary HTN
B: atherosclerosis
C: prolapse
D: rheumatic fever complication - ANSWER: a
When measuring the left ventricular end systolic volume, you should use the cine
function to:
A: find the frame just after the MV closes
B: find the frame just before the MV opens
C: find the frame just before the AV opens
D: find the frame at the peak of the R wave - ANSWER: b
Which of the following statements is correct regarding tricuspid valve prolapse(TVP)?
A: TVP rarely leads to significant tricuspid regurgitation.
, B: TVP most commonly occurs as an isolated finding.
C: TVP refers to abnormal diastolic displacement of the valve leaflet into the RA.
D: The anterior and septal leaflets are most commonly involved. - ANSWER: d
Dobutamine is used to assess suspected hibernating myocardium. If the affected wall
motion improves at low doses but declines at higher doses,
A: the myocardium has irreversible damage and reperfusion would not be recommended
B: the patient will be scheduled for a transesophageal echo to better evaluate
the endocardium
C: the patient will be scheduled for a reperfusion procedure
D: the patient will be scheduled for a treadmill stress echo - ANSWER: c
The echocardiogram demonstrates akinesis of the left ventricular apex. Which coronary
artery is most likely affected by coronary artery disease?
A: obtuse artery
B: right coronary artery
C: left anterior descending artery
D: left circumflex artery - ANSWER: c
Aortic and pulmonic insufficiency will cause
A: a mid-diastolic murmur
B: a crescendo-decrescendo murmur
C: an early diastolic murmur
D: an early systolic murmur - ANSWER: c
Multiple intrapericardial tumors are identified with a moderate pericardial effusion. These
findings are most suggestive of:
A: Rhabdomyoma
B: Metastatic tumors
C: Invasive sarcoma
D: Fibroelastomas - ANSWER: b
A patient is referred for an echo for pre-surgical clearance for a hip replacement. The only
pertinent cardiac history is a 6 year history of systemic HTN. What will be the most likely
findings on the exam?
A: dilated aortic root and aortic insufficiency
B: interventricular septum and inferior wall = 1.1cm thickness
C: interventricular and interatrial septum = 1.1cm thickness
D: right ventricular free wall =0.5cm thickness - ANSWER: b
When measuring left atrial volume;
A: LA length is measured from the center of the mitral annulus to the inner edge of the
posterior LA wall
B: the same view used for LV volumes should be used for measurement of LA volumes
C: the proximal pulmonary veins should be included in the tracing
D: place a caliper at the center of the MV annular plane, trace the cavity to create a full
circle and return to the center of the MV annulus - ANSWER: a
28. A vena contracta width greater than or
equal to _____ indicates severe mitral
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
Which is the following is the typical treatment for advanced pericarditis?
a. thoracentesis
b. stent placement
c. heart transplant
d. pericardectomy – ANSWER: d
When recording flow velocity on the LVOT, the:
a. PW Doppler cursor should be placed distal to the aortic valve closure
b. CW doppler should be placed parallel to the aortic valve closure
c. CW doppler should be placed perpendicular to the aortic valve closure
d. PW Doppler cursor should be placed proximal to the aortic valve closure - ANSWER: d
The ultrasound system relies on the ____________________ for accurate recording of motion clips
on an echo
a. R wave and T wave on the EKG
b. system timer to be set at 5 seconds
c. QRS on the EKG
d. system timer to be set at 3 seconds - ANSWER: a
Which of the following describes how to differentiate a ruptured chordae attached to a flail
anterior mitral leaflet from a vegetation attached to the anterior mitral leaflet?
a. Flail leaflets usually cause regurgitation and vegetations normally cause stenosis.
b. Mitral vegetations normally form on the atrial side of the valve and the ruptured
chordae related to a flail leaflet will be identified on the ventricular side of the valve. c.
Vegetations are much more hypoechoic than the chordae tendinae.
d. A flail mitral leaflet demonstrates a distinct appearance on m-mode that is easily
differentiated from the m-mode appearance of vegetation on the valve. - ANSWER: b
Which of the following decreases as aortic stenosis
increases in severity?
A: time velocity interval
B: mean pressure gradient
C: peak pressure gradient
D: valve area - ANSWER: d
Which of the following would be part of the
standard patient history that should be
obtained for every transesophageal echo but not
for a transthoracic echo?
,A: History of radiation treatment
B: NPO status
C: Patient gender
D: Abnormalities in exercise tolerance level - ANSWER: b
Propranolol can be used to treat
A: patent ductus arteriosus
B: subaortic stenosis caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C: vegetation formation on the tricuspid valve
D: carcinoid disease - ANSWER: b
8. Which type of valvular regurgitation
usually demonstrates the highest pressure
gradient? A: Pulmonary insufficiency
B: Aortic insufficiency
C: Tricuspid regurgitation
D: Mitral regurgitation - ANSWER: d
____________________ is defined as an abnormal
connection of the left subclavian vein to the
coronary sinus.
A: DiGeorge syndrome
B: persistent left SVC
C: persistent right SVC
D: Ebstein malformation - ANSWER: b
You identify thickened, tethered mitral leaflets, decreased E-F slope on PW Doppler, and
right ventricular hypertrophy on an echo. These are all signs of
A: mitral valve prolapse
B: mitral stenosis
C: endocarditis
D: pulmonary HTN - ANSWER: b
11. Which of the following echocardiographic findings is least likely to be associated with
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
A: MVP
B: ASD
C: sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
D: peripheral pulmonary stenosis - ANSWER: d
While obtaining a PW Doppler tracing of the
mitral valve, you notice the E peak is moderately
taller than the A peak on the waveform and it has
a shorter than normal deceleration time. Which of
the following will cause this finding?
A: grade 1 diastolic dysfunction
B: restrictive cardiomyopathy
C: pulmonary HTN
D: mitral stenosis - ANSWER: b
,Which of the following right ventricular wall segments is seen on the apical 4 chamber view?
A: Inferior
B: Lateral
C: Medial
D: Anterior - ANSWER: b
How do you measure the strain rate for a specific segment of the left ventricular wall?
A: Measure the wall thickness in systole and diastole
B: use m-mode to demonstrate the velocity of the segment of interest and the adjacent
normal segments
C: Take 2-3 tissue Doppler samples from the area of interest
D: Take 2-3 PW Doppler samples from the area of interest - ANSWER: c
If there is a weak signal and significant fluctuation in the vertical position of the EKG tracing
across the screen:
A: the skin contact with the electrodes is poor
B: the EKG should be increased to a maximum level
C: the alcohol used to clean the skin is causing artifact
D: a cell phone or other nearby electrical device is causing interference ANSWER: - a
A patient currently undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer is referred for an echo. A
small mass is noted within the right ventricular wall and a mild pericardial effusion. There is
debris and fibrous strands throughout the effusion. The mass is in the right ventricle is most
likely
A: primary cardiac malignancy
B: rhabdomyoma
C: secondary cardiac malignancy
D: myxoma - ANSWER: c
Global longitudinal strain is measured from:
A: parasternal views
B: subcostal views
C: apical views
D: more than one of the above - ANSWER: c
Which of the following is the most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation?
A: pulmonary HTN
B: atherosclerosis
C: prolapse
D: rheumatic fever complication - ANSWER: a
When measuring the left ventricular end systolic volume, you should use the cine
function to:
A: find the frame just after the MV closes
B: find the frame just before the MV opens
C: find the frame just before the AV opens
D: find the frame at the peak of the R wave - ANSWER: b
Which of the following statements is correct regarding tricuspid valve prolapse(TVP)?
A: TVP rarely leads to significant tricuspid regurgitation.
, B: TVP most commonly occurs as an isolated finding.
C: TVP refers to abnormal diastolic displacement of the valve leaflet into the RA.
D: The anterior and septal leaflets are most commonly involved. - ANSWER: d
Dobutamine is used to assess suspected hibernating myocardium. If the affected wall
motion improves at low doses but declines at higher doses,
A: the myocardium has irreversible damage and reperfusion would not be recommended
B: the patient will be scheduled for a transesophageal echo to better evaluate
the endocardium
C: the patient will be scheduled for a reperfusion procedure
D: the patient will be scheduled for a treadmill stress echo - ANSWER: c
The echocardiogram demonstrates akinesis of the left ventricular apex. Which coronary
artery is most likely affected by coronary artery disease?
A: obtuse artery
B: right coronary artery
C: left anterior descending artery
D: left circumflex artery - ANSWER: c
Aortic and pulmonic insufficiency will cause
A: a mid-diastolic murmur
B: a crescendo-decrescendo murmur
C: an early diastolic murmur
D: an early systolic murmur - ANSWER: c
Multiple intrapericardial tumors are identified with a moderate pericardial effusion. These
findings are most suggestive of:
A: Rhabdomyoma
B: Metastatic tumors
C: Invasive sarcoma
D: Fibroelastomas - ANSWER: b
A patient is referred for an echo for pre-surgical clearance for a hip replacement. The only
pertinent cardiac history is a 6 year history of systemic HTN. What will be the most likely
findings on the exam?
A: dilated aortic root and aortic insufficiency
B: interventricular septum and inferior wall = 1.1cm thickness
C: interventricular and interatrial septum = 1.1cm thickness
D: right ventricular free wall =0.5cm thickness - ANSWER: b
When measuring left atrial volume;
A: LA length is measured from the center of the mitral annulus to the inner edge of the
posterior LA wall
B: the same view used for LV volumes should be used for measurement of LA volumes
C: the proximal pulmonary veins should be included in the tracing
D: place a caliper at the center of the MV annular plane, trace the cavity to create a full
circle and return to the center of the MV annulus - ANSWER: a
28. A vena contracta width greater than or
equal to _____ indicates severe mitral
