lOMoA RcP SD|472 46286
NUR242 / NUR 242 Exam 2 Study Guide
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Medical-Surgical Nursing Concepts ss ss
100% Correct | Grade A Galen
ss ss ss ss ss ss
ssNutrition ssModule
Carbohydrates: ssfirst sssubstance ssbody ssuses ssfor ssenergy ssproduction ssand ssthe ssONLY sssource ssof ssenergy
ssproduction ssfor ssthe ssbrain s s Protein: sssecond sssource ssof ssenergy. ssLack ssof ssprotein ssintake ssleads ssto ssmuscle
ssbreakdown ssto ssuse ssas sssource ssof ssprotein. ssA s s byproduct ssof ssprotein ssmetabolism ssare ssamino ssacids.
ssProtein ssassists sswith sson ssoptic sspressure ssand sstherefore sshelps sshold ssfluid ssin s s vascular ssspace.
Fats: ssthe sslast ssto ssbe ssbroken ssdown. ssA ssbyproduct ssare ssketone ssbodies sswhich ssare ssacidic
Diets:
Clear ssLiquid: ssbroth, ssgelatin, sspopsicle, sstea sswith sslemon, ssfruit ssjuice sswithout
sspulp, ssginger-ale s s Prohibited: ssanything ssthat ssis ssnot ssa ssclear ssliquid ssat ssroom
sstemperature
Purpose: ssmaintain sshydration ssand ssfluid
ssbalance s s Uses: sspostoperative, ssacute
ssvomiting ssor ssdiarrhea
Full ssLiquid ssDiet: sscustard, ssmilkshakes, sssoups, ssall ssclear
ssliquids s s Prohibited: sssolid ssfoods, ssnuts, ssjames, ssfruit
Purpose: ssnutrition sswithout sschewing
Uses: ssGI ssupset, ssprogressing ssdiet ssafter sssurgery
Low-Fat, ssLow-Cholesterol ssDiet: ssvegetables, sslean ssmeats,
ssfruits, sscereals s s Prohibited: ssmarbled ssmeats, ssavocados,
ssmilk, ssbacon, ssegg, ssyolks, ssbutter s s Purpose: ssreduce sscalories
ssfrom ssfat, ssminimize sscholesterol ssintake
Uses: ssatherosclerosis, sscystic ssfibrosis, sscardiac ssdisease
Sodium-Restricted ssDiet: sscold ssbaked sschicken, sssalad ss(no ssdressing), ssfruit, ssraw ssvegetables
Prohibited: sscold sscut ssmeat sss, sscheese, ssfried ssfood, ssmilk ssproducts, sscanned ssfood, sstable sssalt
ssadded ssto ssfood s s Purpose: sslower ssbody sswater ssand sspromote ssexcretion
Uses: ssheart ssfailure, sshypertension, sscirrhosis
High-Roughage, ssHigh-Fiber ssDiet: sscracked sswheat ssbread, ssminestrone sssoup, ssfiber ssfortified sscereal, ssfruits,
ssvegetables s s Prohibited: sswhite ssbread, ssbaked ssgoods ssmade sswith sswhite ssflour
Purpose: ssmaximize ssbulk ssin
ssstool s s Uses: ssconstipation,
ssbowel ssdisorders
,Low-Residue ssDiet: ssmeats, ssbuttered ssrice, sswhite ssbread, ssbaked ssgoods, ssprocessed ssfoods sswith
sswhite ssflour s s Prohibited: sswhole sswhat ssflour ssbreads ssand ssbaked ssgoods sscorn, ssbran
Purpose: ssminimized ssintestinal ssactivity
Uses: ssGI/elimination ssproblems, sslower ssbowel sssurgery
High-Protein ssDiet: ssskim ssmilk, sseggs, sslearn ssmeats, ssnuts, ssnut
ssbutters s s Prohibited: sssoft ssdrinks, ssjunk ssfood
Purpose: ssre-establish ssanabolism ssor ssraise ssalbumin
sslevels s s Uses: ssburns, ssinfection, sshyperthyroidism
Renal ssDiet: ssunsalted ssvegetables, sswhite ssrice, sscanned ssfruits, sssweets
Prohibited: ssbeans, sscereal, sscitrus ssfruits, sstable sssalt ssadded ssto ssfood, sscanned
ssvegetables s s Purpose: sskeep ssprotein, sspotassium ssand sssodium sslow
Uses: ssrenal ssfailure
Low ssPhenylalanine ssDiet: ssfats, ssfruits, ssjams, sslow-
phenylalanine ssmilk s s Prohibited: ssmeat, sseggs, ssbeans ssand
ssbread
Purpose: sslow-protein ssdiet ssto ssprevent ssbrain ssdamage ssfrom ssamino ssacid
ssimbalance s s Uses: ssPhenylketonuria ss(PKU)
,Enteral ssFeeding: ssliquid ssfood ssdelivered ssto ssthe ssstomach ssor sslower ssGI sstract ssvia ssa sstune ssinserted ssinto ssthe
ssstomach, ssduodenum s s or ssjejunum
Conditions:
-need ssfor ssadditional ssnutritional sssupport
-GI ssproblems ss(crohn’s ssdisease, ssulcerative sscolitis, ssmalabsorption)
-side sseffects ssof ssoncology sstreatments
-head ssand ssneck ssdisorders ssor sstraumas
-depression
-eating ssdisorders
-alcoholism
s s Complications:
-tube ssdisplacements
-aspirations
-GI sscramping, ssvomiting, ssdiarrhea
-hypersomolar ssnonketotic sscoma
-glucose ssintolerance
TPN: sstotal ssparenteral ssnutrition: ssprovides ssall ssof sspts sscalorics ssand ssnutrient ssrequirements ssexcept ssfor sslipids
sswhich sscan ssbe s s admin ssseparately; ssdue ssto sshigh ssdextrose ssand ssosmolarity, ssthis ssinfusion ssMUST ssbe
ssinfused ssin ssa ssCENTRAL ssLINE
PPN: sspartial ssor ssperipheral ssparenteral ssnutrition: ssprovides sssome ssof sspts sscaloric ssand ssnutrients
ssrequirements; ssthis ssinfusions s s has sslower ssdextrose ssand ssosmolarity ssso ssit sscan ssbe ssinfused ssthrough
ssperipheral ssaccess; ssboth ssTPN ssand ssPPN ssrequire ssa ssspecific s s rate ssto ssensure ssthe sspt ssis ssnot ssexposed ssto
sstoo ssmany sssolutes ssat ssa ssgiven sstime, ssa ssmedication sserror ssrelated ssinto ssinfusion ssrate ssof ssa s s TPN ssor ssPPN
ssinfusion ssis sspotentially ssfatal ssto ssthe sspt
Keeping sspts sson ssTPN ssor ssPPN ssSafe:
-inside ssat ssonly ssthe ssordered ssrate
-change ssIV sstubing/filter ssevery ss24 sshours
-keep ssrefrigerated ssuntil ssneeded ssthen ssbring ssto ssroom sstemperature
-gradually sstaper ssoff ssTPN ssaccording ssto ssorders
-lumber ssused ssfor ssTPN ssshould ssnot ssbe ssused ssfor ssany ssother sstypes ssof
ssinfusion s s Required ssmonitoring ssfor sspts ssreceiving ssTPN/PPN:
-daily ssmonitoring: ssdaily ssweights, ssadequate ssI/O, ssglucose, sstemperature ssand sselectrolytes
ss(initially)
-at ssleast ss3 sstimes ssa ssweek: ssBUN, ssElectrolytes
-weekly: ssCBC, ssalbumin sslevels, ssplatelets, ssPT, ssliver ssfunction sstests
Impact ssof ssNutrition sson ssthe ssbody
Sodium: the ssmajor sselectrolyte ssfound ssin ssextracellular ssfluid ssspace; sssodium ssis ssimportant ssin ssconduction
ssof ssnerve ssimpulses ss ssand ssmuscle ssmovement.
-Because sssodium ssis ssimportant ssin ssnerve ssand ssmuscle ssfunctionality ss(making ssthings ssmove) ssthen sswe sswill
sssee sssigns ssand s s symptoms ssthat ssrelated ssto ssmovement
-Sodium ssis ssalso ssimportant ssin ssrelation ssto sswater ssbalances; ssif ssthe ssbody sshas ssa sshigh sslevel ssof sssodium,
ssthen ssthe ssbody sstries ssto s s retain sswater ssto ssmaintain sshomeostasis
•Hyponatremia: sscondition sswhen sssodium sslevels ssare ssbelow ssnormal sslimits; sssodium ssvalues ssare ssobtained
ssfrom ssa ssnormal s s blood sstest; ssnutrition ssand sselectrolyte ssrestoration sscan sshelp sswith sshyponatremia, ssfood ssto
sssuggest:
-cheese, ssmilk ss(high ssin sscalcium ssand ssin sssodium)
-celery, sspre-made ssmeals sssuch ssas sscanned ssor ssfrozen ssdinners, sscondiments sslike ssketchup, sssalted
ssnuts,
bacon
, s s shrimp, ssham, ssbread, sstofu ssor sssoy ssproducts
, *S/S ssof ss Hyponatremia: ssHypotension, ssMuscle ssweakness, ssThready sspulse, ssAnorexia
NUR242 / NUR 242 Exam 2 Study Guide
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Medical-Surgical Nursing Concepts ss ss
100% Correct | Grade A Galen
ss ss ss ss ss ss
ssNutrition ssModule
Carbohydrates: ssfirst sssubstance ssbody ssuses ssfor ssenergy ssproduction ssand ssthe ssONLY sssource ssof ssenergy
ssproduction ssfor ssthe ssbrain s s Protein: sssecond sssource ssof ssenergy. ssLack ssof ssprotein ssintake ssleads ssto ssmuscle
ssbreakdown ssto ssuse ssas sssource ssof ssprotein. ssA s s byproduct ssof ssprotein ssmetabolism ssare ssamino ssacids.
ssProtein ssassists sswith sson ssoptic sspressure ssand sstherefore sshelps sshold ssfluid ssin s s vascular ssspace.
Fats: ssthe sslast ssto ssbe ssbroken ssdown. ssA ssbyproduct ssare ssketone ssbodies sswhich ssare ssacidic
Diets:
Clear ssLiquid: ssbroth, ssgelatin, sspopsicle, sstea sswith sslemon, ssfruit ssjuice sswithout
sspulp, ssginger-ale s s Prohibited: ssanything ssthat ssis ssnot ssa ssclear ssliquid ssat ssroom
sstemperature
Purpose: ssmaintain sshydration ssand ssfluid
ssbalance s s Uses: sspostoperative, ssacute
ssvomiting ssor ssdiarrhea
Full ssLiquid ssDiet: sscustard, ssmilkshakes, sssoups, ssall ssclear
ssliquids s s Prohibited: sssolid ssfoods, ssnuts, ssjames, ssfruit
Purpose: ssnutrition sswithout sschewing
Uses: ssGI ssupset, ssprogressing ssdiet ssafter sssurgery
Low-Fat, ssLow-Cholesterol ssDiet: ssvegetables, sslean ssmeats,
ssfruits, sscereals s s Prohibited: ssmarbled ssmeats, ssavocados,
ssmilk, ssbacon, ssegg, ssyolks, ssbutter s s Purpose: ssreduce sscalories
ssfrom ssfat, ssminimize sscholesterol ssintake
Uses: ssatherosclerosis, sscystic ssfibrosis, sscardiac ssdisease
Sodium-Restricted ssDiet: sscold ssbaked sschicken, sssalad ss(no ssdressing), ssfruit, ssraw ssvegetables
Prohibited: sscold sscut ssmeat sss, sscheese, ssfried ssfood, ssmilk ssproducts, sscanned ssfood, sstable sssalt
ssadded ssto ssfood s s Purpose: sslower ssbody sswater ssand sspromote ssexcretion
Uses: ssheart ssfailure, sshypertension, sscirrhosis
High-Roughage, ssHigh-Fiber ssDiet: sscracked sswheat ssbread, ssminestrone sssoup, ssfiber ssfortified sscereal, ssfruits,
ssvegetables s s Prohibited: sswhite ssbread, ssbaked ssgoods ssmade sswith sswhite ssflour
Purpose: ssmaximize ssbulk ssin
ssstool s s Uses: ssconstipation,
ssbowel ssdisorders
,Low-Residue ssDiet: ssmeats, ssbuttered ssrice, sswhite ssbread, ssbaked ssgoods, ssprocessed ssfoods sswith
sswhite ssflour s s Prohibited: sswhole sswhat ssflour ssbreads ssand ssbaked ssgoods sscorn, ssbran
Purpose: ssminimized ssintestinal ssactivity
Uses: ssGI/elimination ssproblems, sslower ssbowel sssurgery
High-Protein ssDiet: ssskim ssmilk, sseggs, sslearn ssmeats, ssnuts, ssnut
ssbutters s s Prohibited: sssoft ssdrinks, ssjunk ssfood
Purpose: ssre-establish ssanabolism ssor ssraise ssalbumin
sslevels s s Uses: ssburns, ssinfection, sshyperthyroidism
Renal ssDiet: ssunsalted ssvegetables, sswhite ssrice, sscanned ssfruits, sssweets
Prohibited: ssbeans, sscereal, sscitrus ssfruits, sstable sssalt ssadded ssto ssfood, sscanned
ssvegetables s s Purpose: sskeep ssprotein, sspotassium ssand sssodium sslow
Uses: ssrenal ssfailure
Low ssPhenylalanine ssDiet: ssfats, ssfruits, ssjams, sslow-
phenylalanine ssmilk s s Prohibited: ssmeat, sseggs, ssbeans ssand
ssbread
Purpose: sslow-protein ssdiet ssto ssprevent ssbrain ssdamage ssfrom ssamino ssacid
ssimbalance s s Uses: ssPhenylketonuria ss(PKU)
,Enteral ssFeeding: ssliquid ssfood ssdelivered ssto ssthe ssstomach ssor sslower ssGI sstract ssvia ssa sstune ssinserted ssinto ssthe
ssstomach, ssduodenum s s or ssjejunum
Conditions:
-need ssfor ssadditional ssnutritional sssupport
-GI ssproblems ss(crohn’s ssdisease, ssulcerative sscolitis, ssmalabsorption)
-side sseffects ssof ssoncology sstreatments
-head ssand ssneck ssdisorders ssor sstraumas
-depression
-eating ssdisorders
-alcoholism
s s Complications:
-tube ssdisplacements
-aspirations
-GI sscramping, ssvomiting, ssdiarrhea
-hypersomolar ssnonketotic sscoma
-glucose ssintolerance
TPN: sstotal ssparenteral ssnutrition: ssprovides ssall ssof sspts sscalorics ssand ssnutrient ssrequirements ssexcept ssfor sslipids
sswhich sscan ssbe s s admin ssseparately; ssdue ssto sshigh ssdextrose ssand ssosmolarity, ssthis ssinfusion ssMUST ssbe
ssinfused ssin ssa ssCENTRAL ssLINE
PPN: sspartial ssor ssperipheral ssparenteral ssnutrition: ssprovides sssome ssof sspts sscaloric ssand ssnutrients
ssrequirements; ssthis ssinfusions s s has sslower ssdextrose ssand ssosmolarity ssso ssit sscan ssbe ssinfused ssthrough
ssperipheral ssaccess; ssboth ssTPN ssand ssPPN ssrequire ssa ssspecific s s rate ssto ssensure ssthe sspt ssis ssnot ssexposed ssto
sstoo ssmany sssolutes ssat ssa ssgiven sstime, ssa ssmedication sserror ssrelated ssinto ssinfusion ssrate ssof ssa s s TPN ssor ssPPN
ssinfusion ssis sspotentially ssfatal ssto ssthe sspt
Keeping sspts sson ssTPN ssor ssPPN ssSafe:
-inside ssat ssonly ssthe ssordered ssrate
-change ssIV sstubing/filter ssevery ss24 sshours
-keep ssrefrigerated ssuntil ssneeded ssthen ssbring ssto ssroom sstemperature
-gradually sstaper ssoff ssTPN ssaccording ssto ssorders
-lumber ssused ssfor ssTPN ssshould ssnot ssbe ssused ssfor ssany ssother sstypes ssof
ssinfusion s s Required ssmonitoring ssfor sspts ssreceiving ssTPN/PPN:
-daily ssmonitoring: ssdaily ssweights, ssadequate ssI/O, ssglucose, sstemperature ssand sselectrolytes
ss(initially)
-at ssleast ss3 sstimes ssa ssweek: ssBUN, ssElectrolytes
-weekly: ssCBC, ssalbumin sslevels, ssplatelets, ssPT, ssliver ssfunction sstests
Impact ssof ssNutrition sson ssthe ssbody
Sodium: the ssmajor sselectrolyte ssfound ssin ssextracellular ssfluid ssspace; sssodium ssis ssimportant ssin ssconduction
ssof ssnerve ssimpulses ss ssand ssmuscle ssmovement.
-Because sssodium ssis ssimportant ssin ssnerve ssand ssmuscle ssfunctionality ss(making ssthings ssmove) ssthen sswe sswill
sssee sssigns ssand s s symptoms ssthat ssrelated ssto ssmovement
-Sodium ssis ssalso ssimportant ssin ssrelation ssto sswater ssbalances; ssif ssthe ssbody sshas ssa sshigh sslevel ssof sssodium,
ssthen ssthe ssbody sstries ssto s s retain sswater ssto ssmaintain sshomeostasis
•Hyponatremia: sscondition sswhen sssodium sslevels ssare ssbelow ssnormal sslimits; sssodium ssvalues ssare ssobtained
ssfrom ssa ssnormal s s blood sstest; ssnutrition ssand sselectrolyte ssrestoration sscan sshelp sswith sshyponatremia, ssfood ssto
sssuggest:
-cheese, ssmilk ss(high ssin sscalcium ssand ssin sssodium)
-celery, sspre-made ssmeals sssuch ssas sscanned ssor ssfrozen ssdinners, sscondiments sslike ssketchup, sssalted
ssnuts,
bacon
, s s shrimp, ssham, ssbread, sstofu ssor sssoy ssproducts
, *S/S ssof ss Hyponatremia: ssHypotension, ssMuscle ssweakness, ssThready sspulse, ssAnorexia
