NAVLE CANINE ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
DETAILED ANSWERS \REAL EXAM NAVLE CANINE
VERIFIED 100% ALREADY GRADED A+ \LATEST
UPDATE
d. Hemangiosarcoma A 11-year-old male casttrated
Golden Retriever presents for
Hemangiosarcoma of the collapse with muffled heart
heart has a peridilection sounds on examination. You
for the right auricle of ultrasound the heart and obtain
dogs, with Golden the following image; the right
Retriever being atrium (RA) and right ventricle
predisposed. Stabilization (RV) are labeled. A large mass is
of this patient will require seen in the right atrioventricular
pericardiocentesis; groove with pericardial effusion.
prognosis is guarded and What is the likely diagnosis?
may include
chemotherapy, a. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
pericardiectomy, or rarely b. Idiopathic pericardial
auriculectomy. hemorrhage
Chemodectoma arises c. Chemodectoma
from the ascending aorta d. Hemangiosarcoma
and heart base; lymphoma e. Lymphoma
is rare in the heart of dogs
and is more commonly
metastatic than a single
mass. Idiopathic
pericardial hemorrhage is
incorrect because of the
clear evidence of a mass
,b. Eccentric hypertrophy Mitral regurgitation in dogs eventually results in which
of the left atrium and left of the following?
ventricle
a. Eccentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and
Mitral regurgitation is the concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle
process of blood flowing b. Eccentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and left
back from the left ventricle
ventricle to the left atrium c. Concentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and left
due to a defect in the ventricle
valve. The excess blood d. Concentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and
flow causes volume eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle
overload of the left atrium
leading to eccentric
hypertrophy or dilation of
the chamber. The excess
blood volume will then
return to the left ventricle
during the next diastole,
resulting in dilation and
eccentric hypertrophy of
the left ventricle as well.
Concentric hypertrophy
occurs in cardiac
chambers when they are
pressure overload, such as
in the case of pulmonic
stenosis or aortic stenosis
,d. Dilated cardiomyopathy Taurine deficiency in the English Cocker Spaniel has
been associated with which of the following?
Although taurine
deficiency is rare a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
nowadays, it has been b. Retinal detachment
associated with DCM in c. Superficial pyoderma
cats and some dogs d. Dilated cardiomyopathy
(English Cocker Spaniels).
Commercial cat and dog
food now contain
acceptable levels of
taurine. In cats, retinal
dysplasia also occurs with
taurine deficiency
Atracurium is a non-
depolarizing a. Naloxone
neuromuscular blocker. b. Fentanyl
Other neuromuscular c. Atracurium
blockers include d. Edrophonium
pancuronium, d- e. Neostigmine
tubocurarine, and
succinylcholine.
Succinylcholine is a
depolirizing
neuromuscular blocker.
Fentanyl is an opioid.
Naloxone is an opioid
antagonist.
Endrophonium and
neostigmine are
cholinesterase
inhibitors used to
reverse neuromuscular
blockers.
, d. Atenolol A 1-year-old male neutered Newfoundland presents
for a physical exam. Cardiac auscultation reveals a 3/6
This case is a description systolic murmur at the left heart base. Thoracic
of a dog with subaortic radiographs show mild left-sided cardiomegaly with
stenosis, based on the left atrial enlargement and segmental enlargement of
breed, radiographic the ascending aorta. Which of the following is an
findings, and auscultation appropriate treatment for this patient?
findings. Beta blockers
such as atenolol are a. Pimobendan
beneficial in patients with b. Furosemide
subaortic stenosis c. Occlusion by ligation or coil
because they reduce d. Atenolol
myocardial oxygen e. Place a pacemaker
demand, lessen the
frequency of ventricular
arrhythmias, and provide
cardiac muscle protection.
Owners should also be
warned that the dog
should receive
prophylactic antibiotics
for any situation in which
the dog may develop a
bacteremia since
subaortic stenosis is
known to carry a high risk
of developing infective
endocarditis (i.e. prior to
surgical or dental
procedures).
Balloon dilation by
catheterization can be
attempted in some
patients, but the results
are often not as rewarding
as for pulmonic stenosis.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
DETAILED ANSWERS \REAL EXAM NAVLE CANINE
VERIFIED 100% ALREADY GRADED A+ \LATEST
UPDATE
d. Hemangiosarcoma A 11-year-old male casttrated
Golden Retriever presents for
Hemangiosarcoma of the collapse with muffled heart
heart has a peridilection sounds on examination. You
for the right auricle of ultrasound the heart and obtain
dogs, with Golden the following image; the right
Retriever being atrium (RA) and right ventricle
predisposed. Stabilization (RV) are labeled. A large mass is
of this patient will require seen in the right atrioventricular
pericardiocentesis; groove with pericardial effusion.
prognosis is guarded and What is the likely diagnosis?
may include
chemotherapy, a. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
pericardiectomy, or rarely b. Idiopathic pericardial
auriculectomy. hemorrhage
Chemodectoma arises c. Chemodectoma
from the ascending aorta d. Hemangiosarcoma
and heart base; lymphoma e. Lymphoma
is rare in the heart of dogs
and is more commonly
metastatic than a single
mass. Idiopathic
pericardial hemorrhage is
incorrect because of the
clear evidence of a mass
,b. Eccentric hypertrophy Mitral regurgitation in dogs eventually results in which
of the left atrium and left of the following?
ventricle
a. Eccentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and
Mitral regurgitation is the concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle
process of blood flowing b. Eccentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and left
back from the left ventricle
ventricle to the left atrium c. Concentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and left
due to a defect in the ventricle
valve. The excess blood d. Concentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and
flow causes volume eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle
overload of the left atrium
leading to eccentric
hypertrophy or dilation of
the chamber. The excess
blood volume will then
return to the left ventricle
during the next diastole,
resulting in dilation and
eccentric hypertrophy of
the left ventricle as well.
Concentric hypertrophy
occurs in cardiac
chambers when they are
pressure overload, such as
in the case of pulmonic
stenosis or aortic stenosis
,d. Dilated cardiomyopathy Taurine deficiency in the English Cocker Spaniel has
been associated with which of the following?
Although taurine
deficiency is rare a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
nowadays, it has been b. Retinal detachment
associated with DCM in c. Superficial pyoderma
cats and some dogs d. Dilated cardiomyopathy
(English Cocker Spaniels).
Commercial cat and dog
food now contain
acceptable levels of
taurine. In cats, retinal
dysplasia also occurs with
taurine deficiency
Atracurium is a non-
depolarizing a. Naloxone
neuromuscular blocker. b. Fentanyl
Other neuromuscular c. Atracurium
blockers include d. Edrophonium
pancuronium, d- e. Neostigmine
tubocurarine, and
succinylcholine.
Succinylcholine is a
depolirizing
neuromuscular blocker.
Fentanyl is an opioid.
Naloxone is an opioid
antagonist.
Endrophonium and
neostigmine are
cholinesterase
inhibitors used to
reverse neuromuscular
blockers.
, d. Atenolol A 1-year-old male neutered Newfoundland presents
for a physical exam. Cardiac auscultation reveals a 3/6
This case is a description systolic murmur at the left heart base. Thoracic
of a dog with subaortic radiographs show mild left-sided cardiomegaly with
stenosis, based on the left atrial enlargement and segmental enlargement of
breed, radiographic the ascending aorta. Which of the following is an
findings, and auscultation appropriate treatment for this patient?
findings. Beta blockers
such as atenolol are a. Pimobendan
beneficial in patients with b. Furosemide
subaortic stenosis c. Occlusion by ligation or coil
because they reduce d. Atenolol
myocardial oxygen e. Place a pacemaker
demand, lessen the
frequency of ventricular
arrhythmias, and provide
cardiac muscle protection.
Owners should also be
warned that the dog
should receive
prophylactic antibiotics
for any situation in which
the dog may develop a
bacteremia since
subaortic stenosis is
known to carry a high risk
of developing infective
endocarditis (i.e. prior to
surgical or dental
procedures).
Balloon dilation by
catheterization can be
attempted in some
patients, but the results
are often not as rewarding
as for pulmonic stenosis.
