What is the control limit for asbestos exposure?
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The control limit for asbestos is 0.1 f/cm3 averaged over a four-hour period
What is the purpose of Risk/Safety Phrases and Hazard/ Precautionary Statements
and where can they be found?
,Give this one a try later!
They are to ensure that the user is made fully aware of the potential risks or
hazards associated with a chemical or mixture and the precautions to take.
They can be found on product labels, safety data sheets and, for many
substances, they originate from the harmonised classification found in Table
3.1 of Part 3 of Annex VI of CLP
What is the difference between exposure to external radiation and exposure to
internal radiation?
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External radiation, which rises from outside the body, may irradiate skin,
tissue or internal organs, depending on the type of radiation and the ability
to penetrate the body.
Internal radiation stems from radioactive materials deposited in the body
by inhalation, ingestion, injection or absorption through the skin, which are
continually irradiating internal organs and tissues from within
What are the hazards of microwave radiation and how can harmful exposure be
controlled?
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Biological harm is caused by the process of heating.
Certain tissues, such as the lens of the eye, have poor or non-existent
blood supplies and a poor capacity for temperature control by heat
transfer.
It is such tissue which is most at risk from microwave exposure, since only a
relatively small temperature increase is needed to damage cell proteins.
, To control exposure to microwave emitters, such as antennae, must be of
low power of positioned so that people cannot come close enough to the
emitter to receive a significant dose of radiation (above the ELV).
When close approach is required (such as during maintenance work or
mobile phone masts), the antenna must be isolated and locked off to
prevent accidental power up.
State the five categories of health hazards. Give an example for each
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- Physical (eg. noise)
- Chemical (eg. lead, dust)
- Biological (eg. Legionella)
- Psycho-social (eg.stress)
- Ergonomic (eg. repetitive handling)
Describe a test that can be used to detect genetic mutation
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The most well known test is the Ames test.
This involves exposing the mutagen to a specific strain of bacteria that will
not normally grow in a histidine-deficient growth medium.
Mutagens will cause a mutation in the bacteria allowing them to grow in a
histidine-free medium
, Describe how the ear converts sound waves into nerve stimulation to the auditory
centre of the brain.
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The ear transmits nerve impulses to the brain as a result of detecting and
transmitting mechanical vibration through the outer ear, the middle ear and
the inner ear.
Explain the following terms:-
- Half-life
- Activity
- Absorbed dose
- Equivalent dose
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-Half-life is the time required for one half of a quantity of radionuclide to
disintegrate
- The activity of a quantity of radionuclides is given by the rate at which it
decays (measured in Bacquerels (Bq) or disintegration per second)
- Absorbed dose is a measure of energy deposited by the radiation
(expressed in a unit called the Gray (Gy))
- The equivalent dose (measured in Sieverts (Sv)) gives a measure of the
likely biological damage resulting from radiation exposure, taking into
account the type of radiation involved.
Give this one a try later!
The control limit for asbestos is 0.1 f/cm3 averaged over a four-hour period
What is the purpose of Risk/Safety Phrases and Hazard/ Precautionary Statements
and where can they be found?
,Give this one a try later!
They are to ensure that the user is made fully aware of the potential risks or
hazards associated with a chemical or mixture and the precautions to take.
They can be found on product labels, safety data sheets and, for many
substances, they originate from the harmonised classification found in Table
3.1 of Part 3 of Annex VI of CLP
What is the difference between exposure to external radiation and exposure to
internal radiation?
Give this one a try later!
External radiation, which rises from outside the body, may irradiate skin,
tissue or internal organs, depending on the type of radiation and the ability
to penetrate the body.
Internal radiation stems from radioactive materials deposited in the body
by inhalation, ingestion, injection or absorption through the skin, which are
continually irradiating internal organs and tissues from within
What are the hazards of microwave radiation and how can harmful exposure be
controlled?
Give this one a try later!
Biological harm is caused by the process of heating.
Certain tissues, such as the lens of the eye, have poor or non-existent
blood supplies and a poor capacity for temperature control by heat
transfer.
It is such tissue which is most at risk from microwave exposure, since only a
relatively small temperature increase is needed to damage cell proteins.
, To control exposure to microwave emitters, such as antennae, must be of
low power of positioned so that people cannot come close enough to the
emitter to receive a significant dose of radiation (above the ELV).
When close approach is required (such as during maintenance work or
mobile phone masts), the antenna must be isolated and locked off to
prevent accidental power up.
State the five categories of health hazards. Give an example for each
Give this one a try later!
- Physical (eg. noise)
- Chemical (eg. lead, dust)
- Biological (eg. Legionella)
- Psycho-social (eg.stress)
- Ergonomic (eg. repetitive handling)
Describe a test that can be used to detect genetic mutation
Give this one a try later!
The most well known test is the Ames test.
This involves exposing the mutagen to a specific strain of bacteria that will
not normally grow in a histidine-deficient growth medium.
Mutagens will cause a mutation in the bacteria allowing them to grow in a
histidine-free medium
, Describe how the ear converts sound waves into nerve stimulation to the auditory
centre of the brain.
Give this one a try later!
The ear transmits nerve impulses to the brain as a result of detecting and
transmitting mechanical vibration through the outer ear, the middle ear and
the inner ear.
Explain the following terms:-
- Half-life
- Activity
- Absorbed dose
- Equivalent dose
Give this one a try later!
-Half-life is the time required for one half of a quantity of radionuclide to
disintegrate
- The activity of a quantity of radionuclides is given by the rate at which it
decays (measured in Bacquerels (Bq) or disintegration per second)
- Absorbed dose is a measure of energy deposited by the radiation
(expressed in a unit called the Gray (Gy))
- The equivalent dose (measured in Sieverts (Sv)) gives a measure of the
likely biological damage resulting from radiation exposure, taking into
account the type of radiation involved.
