PEDS: FINAL (new content)
Why is infant skin more fragile and prone to injury compared to adult skin? - correct answer
Infant skin has a thinner epidermis and stratum corneum
How does infant skin permeability affect their health? - correct answer Infant skin is more
permeable, increasing risk for dehydration and infection
Why do infants have difficulty regulating body temperature? - correct answer Immature sweat
glands reduce ability to regulate body temperature
What increases the risk of sunburn in infants? - correct answer Underdeveloped melanocytes
increase the risk of sunburn
What are infants more susceptible to due to their skin characteristics? - correct answer Water
loss, infection, and temperature instability
What is vernix caseosa and its purpose in newborns? - correct answer A white, cheesy coating
that provides protection from amniotic fluid
What is lanugo and its function in newborns? - correct answer Fine hair on shoulders and back
that helps retain vernix
Why do newborns have more heat loss? - correct answer They have a thin subcutaneous fat
layer providing less insulation
Are sweat glands in newborns fully functional? - correct answer No, sweat glands are present
but functionally immature
How does the epidermis of a newborn differ from an adult's? - correct answer The epidermis is
thin and less keratinized than in adults
What is Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots)? - correct answer Flat, bluish-gray
patches usually on lower back or buttocks
In which infants are Mongolian spots more common? - correct answer Infants of Black, Asian,
Hispanic, and Native American descent
Why is documentation important for Mongolian spots? - correct answer Because they can be
mistaken for bruises in abuse evaluations
Do Mongolian spots require treatment? - correct answer No, they typically resolve
spontaneously without treatment
,What are Cavernous Hemangiomas? - correct answer Benign vascular tumors formed from
abnormal blood vessels
When do cavernous hemangiomas appear and resolve? - correct answer Appear at birth or
shortly after; usually resolve by age 10
What medication may be prescribed for problematic hemangiomas? - correct answer
Propranolol
When might MRI be needed for hemangiomas? - correct answer If located near internal organs
or critical structures
Are surgeries commonly required for cavernous hemangiomas? - correct answer No, surgery is
not typically required
What causes Port-Wine Stains (Nevus Flammeus)? - correct answer Abnormal capillary
development causing flat, reddish-purple lesions
Do Port-Wine Stains fade with age? - correct answer No, they typically do not fade and may
darken or thicken over time
What syndrome is associated with facial port-wine stains near the forehead or eye? - correct
answer Sturge-Weber syndrome
What eye condition may be associated with port-wine stains? - correct answer Glaucoma
How can port-wine stains be cosmetically treated? - correct answer Laser therapy
When is MRI recommended for port-wine stains? - correct answer If located near the eye or
along the midline
What is Cradle Cap (Infant Seborrheic Dermatitis)? - correct answer Yellow, greasy scales and
plaques on scalp, eyebrows, and behind ears
What causes cradle cap in infants? - correct answer Overactive sebaceous glands influenced by
maternal androgens
What home care measures help manage cradle cap? - correct answer Petroleum jelly or baby
oil to loosen scales and washing with mild, fragrance-free baby shampoo
What medication may be needed if cradle cap does not resolve? - correct answer Medicated
shampoo such as ketoconazole
What should be avoided in cradle cap management? - correct answer Scratching or forcefully
removing crusts
What areas are affected by Adolescent Seborrheic Dermatitis? - correct answer Scalp,
nasolabial folds, and eyebrows
, What are symptoms of adolescent seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer Redness, greasy
scales, and itching
What is first-line treatment for adolescent seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer Selenium
sulfide shampoo
Why should topical steroids be avoided on the face for seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer
Risk of skin thinning
What triggers seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer - Malassezia furfur (yeast overgrowth)
- Hormonal changes during puberty
- Maternal androgens (infants)
What causes irritant diaper dermatitis? - correct answer Moisture, urine (high pH), fecal
enzymes, and friction
Where does irritant diaper dermatitis usually appear? - correct answer Red, inflamed areas on
convex surfaces like buttocks and thighs
What factors contribute to irritant diaper dermatitis? - correct answer - Trapped moisture
- Ammonia from urine
- Friction from diapers
- Prolonged exposure to soiled diapers
What differentiates candidal diaper dermatitis from irritant diaper dermatitis? - correct answer
Secondary fungal infection with beefy red rash, well-defined borders, satellite lesions, and
possible pustules
What treatment is required for candidal diaper dermatitis? - correct answer Topical antifungal
treatment such as Nystatin
Why are barrier creams alone ineffective for candidal diaper dermatitis? - correct answer
Because the fungal infection requires antifungal medication
Risk factors for Candidal Diaper Dermatitis - correct answer - Abx use
- Poor hygiene
- Prolonged moisture exposure
What nursing interventions are important for candidal diaper dermatitis? - correct answer -
Apply topical Nystatin at every diaper change
- Treat oral thrush if present
Why is infant skin more fragile and prone to injury compared to adult skin? - correct answer
Infant skin has a thinner epidermis and stratum corneum
How does infant skin permeability affect their health? - correct answer Infant skin is more
permeable, increasing risk for dehydration and infection
Why do infants have difficulty regulating body temperature? - correct answer Immature sweat
glands reduce ability to regulate body temperature
What increases the risk of sunburn in infants? - correct answer Underdeveloped melanocytes
increase the risk of sunburn
What are infants more susceptible to due to their skin characteristics? - correct answer Water
loss, infection, and temperature instability
What is vernix caseosa and its purpose in newborns? - correct answer A white, cheesy coating
that provides protection from amniotic fluid
What is lanugo and its function in newborns? - correct answer Fine hair on shoulders and back
that helps retain vernix
Why do newborns have more heat loss? - correct answer They have a thin subcutaneous fat
layer providing less insulation
Are sweat glands in newborns fully functional? - correct answer No, sweat glands are present
but functionally immature
How does the epidermis of a newborn differ from an adult's? - correct answer The epidermis is
thin and less keratinized than in adults
What is Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots)? - correct answer Flat, bluish-gray
patches usually on lower back or buttocks
In which infants are Mongolian spots more common? - correct answer Infants of Black, Asian,
Hispanic, and Native American descent
Why is documentation important for Mongolian spots? - correct answer Because they can be
mistaken for bruises in abuse evaluations
Do Mongolian spots require treatment? - correct answer No, they typically resolve
spontaneously without treatment
,What are Cavernous Hemangiomas? - correct answer Benign vascular tumors formed from
abnormal blood vessels
When do cavernous hemangiomas appear and resolve? - correct answer Appear at birth or
shortly after; usually resolve by age 10
What medication may be prescribed for problematic hemangiomas? - correct answer
Propranolol
When might MRI be needed for hemangiomas? - correct answer If located near internal organs
or critical structures
Are surgeries commonly required for cavernous hemangiomas? - correct answer No, surgery is
not typically required
What causes Port-Wine Stains (Nevus Flammeus)? - correct answer Abnormal capillary
development causing flat, reddish-purple lesions
Do Port-Wine Stains fade with age? - correct answer No, they typically do not fade and may
darken or thicken over time
What syndrome is associated with facial port-wine stains near the forehead or eye? - correct
answer Sturge-Weber syndrome
What eye condition may be associated with port-wine stains? - correct answer Glaucoma
How can port-wine stains be cosmetically treated? - correct answer Laser therapy
When is MRI recommended for port-wine stains? - correct answer If located near the eye or
along the midline
What is Cradle Cap (Infant Seborrheic Dermatitis)? - correct answer Yellow, greasy scales and
plaques on scalp, eyebrows, and behind ears
What causes cradle cap in infants? - correct answer Overactive sebaceous glands influenced by
maternal androgens
What home care measures help manage cradle cap? - correct answer Petroleum jelly or baby
oil to loosen scales and washing with mild, fragrance-free baby shampoo
What medication may be needed if cradle cap does not resolve? - correct answer Medicated
shampoo such as ketoconazole
What should be avoided in cradle cap management? - correct answer Scratching or forcefully
removing crusts
What areas are affected by Adolescent Seborrheic Dermatitis? - correct answer Scalp,
nasolabial folds, and eyebrows
, What are symptoms of adolescent seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer Redness, greasy
scales, and itching
What is first-line treatment for adolescent seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer Selenium
sulfide shampoo
Why should topical steroids be avoided on the face for seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer
Risk of skin thinning
What triggers seborrheic dermatitis? - correct answer - Malassezia furfur (yeast overgrowth)
- Hormonal changes during puberty
- Maternal androgens (infants)
What causes irritant diaper dermatitis? - correct answer Moisture, urine (high pH), fecal
enzymes, and friction
Where does irritant diaper dermatitis usually appear? - correct answer Red, inflamed areas on
convex surfaces like buttocks and thighs
What factors contribute to irritant diaper dermatitis? - correct answer - Trapped moisture
- Ammonia from urine
- Friction from diapers
- Prolonged exposure to soiled diapers
What differentiates candidal diaper dermatitis from irritant diaper dermatitis? - correct answer
Secondary fungal infection with beefy red rash, well-defined borders, satellite lesions, and
possible pustules
What treatment is required for candidal diaper dermatitis? - correct answer Topical antifungal
treatment such as Nystatin
Why are barrier creams alone ineffective for candidal diaper dermatitis? - correct answer
Because the fungal infection requires antifungal medication
Risk factors for Candidal Diaper Dermatitis - correct answer - Abx use
- Poor hygiene
- Prolonged moisture exposure
What nursing interventions are important for candidal diaper dermatitis? - correct answer -
Apply topical Nystatin at every diaper change
- Treat oral thrush if present
