Hesi A2/Biology Exam Questions With Correct Verified Answers | 100% Pass (A+ Certified)

HESI A2/BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) central carbon atom Correct Answer Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, also known as the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. R group (side chain) Correct Answer part of amino acid that determines the molecule's physical and chemical properties Enzymes Correct Answer are proteins with a strong catalytic power. they greatly accelerate the speed at which specific reactions approach equilibrium. Although enzymes do not start chemical reactions that would not eventually occur by themselves, they do make these reactions happen faster and more often. Each type of enzyme deals with reactants also called substrates. Each enzyme is highly selective only interacting with substrates that are a match for it at an active site on the enzyme. This is the "key in the lock" analogy; a certain enzyme only fits with certain substrates. Even with a matching substrate though the fit is not always perfect. Sometimes an enzyme must reshape itself to fit well with the substrate , forming a strong bond that aids in catalyzing a reaction before it returns to its original shape. An unusual quality of enzymes is that they are not permanently consumed in the reactions they speed up. They can be used again and again, providing a constant source of every accelerants for cells. This allows for a tremendous increase in the number and rate of reactions in cells. Nucleic Acids Correct Answer macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus composed of nucleotides. Hydrolysis is a reaction in which water is broken down into hydrogen cations and hydroxide anions. This is part of the process by which nucleic acids are broken down by enzymes to produce shorter strings of RNA and DNA. Oligonucleotides are broken down into smaller sugar nitrogenous units called nucleosides. These can be digested by cells since the sugar is divided from the nitrogenous base. This in turn, leads to the formation of the five types of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and the preliminary substances involved in the synthesis of new RNA and DNA. catalytic Correct Answer bringing about, causing, or producing some result Reactants Correct Answer a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. Substrates Correct Answer molecules of which enzymes acts upon, a given enzyme will only catalyze a to a single reaction or class of reactions with these substrates, known as enzyme specificity Nucleotides in DNA Correct Answer Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine hydrolysis Correct Answer the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. Oligonucleotides Correct Answer segments of nucleic acid that are 50 nucleotides or less in length Nucleosides consist of Correct Answer Pentose (sugar) Nitrogen-containing base Macromolecular Nucleic Acid Polymers Correct Answer *RNA and DNA*