SOCI 1000 FINAL COMPLETE EXAM 2025

SOCI 1000 FINAL COMPLETE EXAM 2025 Which statement best defines sociology? - ANSWER-It asks us to trust the experts. What is the sociological imagination? - ANSWER-It looks at the intersection of biography and history. Who first coined the term sociology? - ANSWER-Auguste Comte Which statement best describes a critical approach to sociology? - ANSWER-It explores the role that power plays in social processes and the reasons why some people's understandings of the world become dominant. Which approach to theorizing stems from the natural sciences? - ANSWER-positivist Which sociological perspective takes a "rosy" lens to society? - ANSWER-functionalism What type of thinking do small children usually engage in? - ANSWER-lower-order thinking Which of the following is NOT a way of practising sociology? - ANSWER-corporate You and your sociology classmates decide to petition the university for better transportation options for students living off-campus. After a year of writing letters, holding public talks, and meeting with chancellors, the university finally agrees to provide students with free shuttle service to and from the centre of town. What is this an example of? - ANSWER-agency If a sociologist were to study a phenomenon like tattoos, which of the following questions would likely NOT be considered? - ANSWER-Why did this particular person decide to get a tattoo? How are sociological research methods empirical? - ANSWER-They generate findings that can be verified by other members of the academic community. Which of the following might stem from a positivist approach to sociology? - ANSWER developing more effective prevention and intervention efforts based on knowledge of factors that contribute to hate crimes Why do feminist theorists argue that academic research has traditionally been androcentric? - ANSWER-It has treated men's experiences as the normative "human" experience. SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 In which scenario is anomie unlikely to occur? - ANSWER-in a town that just won an award for cleanest streets Which two ways of practising sociology bring researchers' work to an outside audience? - ANSWER-policy and academic sociology Which statement best describes deductive reasoning? - ANSWER-It starts with theories and follows a top-down approach. Which statement best describes inductive reasoning? - ANSWER-It starts with observations and follows a bottom-up approach. Which statement best describes a research design? - ANSWER-It is a detailed outline of all the proposed components of a study. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main ethical principles? - ANSWER-fair compensation Which statement best represents a key ethical guideline for researchers? - ANSWER Researchers should strive to keep participants identities anonymous, and where this is not possible, they should at least be confidential. Which type of researcher is more likely to already know what they are looking for? - ANSWER-quantitative What is one of the main ways to achieve rigor in qualitative methods? - ANSWER triangulation What is the greatest advantage of experiments? - ANSWER-They allow for tests of causality. Which term refers to the various forms of fieldwork designed to describe everyday behaviour in natural settings? - ANSWER-ethnography Which statement best describes systematic procedures? - ANSWER-They are used in both the natural sciences and the social sciences You read a number of studies asserting that, generally speaking, higher education is correlated with better health outcomes. Following this, you predict that secondary school teachers with a Master's degree will take fewer sick days than those with a Bachelor's degree. Which approach does this line of thinking follow? - ANSWER deductive What is a key characteristic of Participatory Action Research? - ANSWER-a heavy emphasis on the target group and stakeholders SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 You conduct a study that looks at the day-to-day lives of disabled migrant women living in rural Canada, as there has been very little research that has studied these women before. What type of research is this an example of? - ANSWER-exploratory The Ontario government commissions you to conduct a study on whether Ontario's new laws against texting and driving have actually prevented any traffic accidents. How could this type of research be classified? - ANSWER-evaluation Which of the following do qualitative researchers typically NOT do? - ANSWER operationalize variables How might data showing a number that corresponds to an individual's self-rated health be evaluated? - ANSWER-a statistical software package Why is it sometimes necessary for a researcher to take extra care when obtaining consent? - ANSWER-to minimize potential harm and to uphold dignity of vulnerable populations If a researcher is using grounded theory, what approach are they most likely using? - ANSWER-qualitative Which statement best describes culture? - ANSWER-It entails a wide assortment of ideas, customs, behaviours, and practices. Which two principles is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis a combination of? - ANSWER linguistic determination and linguistic relativism Which term refers to nonverbal gestures with direct verbal equivalents? - ANSWER emblems What is another term for cultural values and norms? - ANSWER-social facts What is high culture often contrasted with? - ANSWER-popular culture Which term refers to a set of ideas that support the needs and views of a particular group? - ANSWER-ideology Which of the following best describes "cultural omnivores"? - ANSWER-those of high social standing who enjoy high culture and are just as likely to participate in non-elite activities You are in a rush to grab a coffee from your local Tim Hortons and, in doing so, you cut to the front of the line. What have you just violated? - ANSWER-cultural folkway SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 What is covering one's mouth while sneezing an example of? - ANSWER-prescriptive norm Which framework highlights the lack of correspondence and the apparent contradictions between cultural values and norms? - ANSWER-conflict Which of the following is an example of a subculture? - ANSWER-Hutterites Which French theorist argued that cultural and educational practices lead to the social reproduction of classes? - ANSWER-Pierre Bourdieu How would a supporter of the Frankfort School view materialism? - ANSWER-as exploitation What might a conflict theorist argue about popular culture? - ANSWER-it is a means for the ruling class to control the masses. Which line of thinking argues that all human behaviour is controlled by our genetic makeup? - ANSWER-biological determinism Which statement best describes sociobiologists? - ANSWER-They claim an evolutionary origin for people's social behaviour based on a species' need to reproduce and survive. Which term refers to the sense of ourselves that we develop based on our perceptions of how others view us? - ANSWER-looking-glass self What is recidivism? - ANSWER-committing further crimes after having been convicted of a crime Which of the following is NOT an example of a social institution? - ANSWER-sports teams Which characteristic is most often said to be part of one's master status? - ANSWER gender Which two terms describe our "core selves"? - ANSWER-stable and knowable Which term refers to the study of the mechanisms that bring about changes in gene expression? - ANSWER-epigenetics Who did NOT specialize in behaviourism? - ANSWER-G.H. Mead At which stage of development would a child start to take on the role of others? - ANSWER-play SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 At which stage of development is a child is able to take into account several different roles simultaneously? - ANSWER-game Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of the looking-glass self? - ANSWER-We imagine what we want to be like. Which statement best describes a person with more of a looking-glass self-orientation? - ANSWER-He or she is more dependent on others' perceptions for their sense of self. Which group is a principal source of social comparison? - ANSWER-peer group While working with her classmates on a group project, Dina finds that she is doing quite well with the simple task of tracking down books, but is struggling with the more complex task of getting the correct citations in order. What is this an example of? - ANSWER-social facilitation A sympathetic professor should not give a certain student an extension on a term paper, but instead should consistently apply the deductions for lateness that are listed in the course outline. What does this exemplify? - ANSWER-impersonality Starting at the top, which percent of income earners in Canada can be considered "the high class" or the "well off"? - ANSWER-30 Which category contains the greatest portion of poor children in Canada? - ANSWER those living on reserves Which measure is an indicator of a country's economic productivity based on goods and services as measured by household consumption, government spending, and investments? - ANSWER-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) How effective at reducing poverty are federal policies and programs designed to provide income security? - ANSWER-highly effective Why do some functionalists believe social stratification is beneficial? - ANSWER-It leads to meritocracy. Which term refers to the detachment that exists between the worker and his labour as perpetuated under capitalism? - ANSWER-alienation What is the median after-tax yearly income in Canada for economic families and persons not in an economic family? - ANSWER-$55,600 Which statement is a criticism of the LICO? - ANSWER-It does not take into account regional differences in costs of living and as an estimate of poverty. SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 What does predatory lending refer? - ANSWER-high-interest financial services that charge as much as 500 percent in annualized interest rates Which of the following is NOT a way to address specific issues related to inadequate income? - ANSWER-education allowances In which book do Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels observe that, once basic needs are met and a division of labour emerges in society, class struggles become apparent? - ANSWER-The Communist Manifesto According to some theorists, in times of big surpluses, what factor determines how the surplus gets distributed? - ANSWER-power Which statement best describes net neutrality? - ANSWER-It is a principle of equality and detachment with respect to how information on the Internet is treated by network providers. Which of the following is NOT one of the three prevailing concerns about the mass media? - ANSWER-representation According to recent research, which type of book is the most popular? - ANSWER-print books What do Canadians most frequently use the Internet for? - ANSWER-email Why are apps, in particular, raising concerns that electronically mediated communication may cause people to stop interacting in real life? - ANSWER-You can now do so many things with apps and spend so much time using them. Which property of news narratives refers to the inclusion of particular words that suggest where responsibility for an event lies? - ANSWER-agency Which property of news narratives refers the overall framework used to label an event by the media? - ANSWER-categorization One of the assumptions about media literacy is that audiences negotiate the meaning in media. Which sociological theory is this reflective of? - ANSWER-symbolic interactionism Approximately how much time per week do children spend in the classroom during the school year? - ANSWER-35 What does the "glass ceiling" refer to? - ANSWER-intangible barriers that prevent women from attaining positions of authority or leadership SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 Which term refers to intangible factors that enable men to attain positions of authority or leadership? - ANSWER-glass escalator For every dollar that men earn, how much do women earn? - ANSWER-78 cents Which cohorts of couples are more likely to express egalitarian ideals about domestic labour? - ANSWER-younger cohorts In which context did the earliest sociological theories primarily address gender? - ANSWER-families How does sociological research perceive the assumption that the implications of having been born a particular sex extend through all facets of life? - ANSWER-Sociological research supports the assumption Which of the following is NOT a type of attention that male and female students can receive? - ANSWER-indifference Educational choices and career patterns account for less than what percentage of the gendered earnings differential? - ANSWER-50% What type of tasks did Talcott Parsons propose that males are responsible for, to connect the family to the outside world? - ANSWER-instrumental Which question would most likely be asked by a postmodern theorist? - ANSWER-Does gender even exist? Which term refers to the ethnic characteristics of your ancestors? - ANSWER-objective ethnicity Which term is used to draw attention to the oppressive social and political practices that give rise to inequalities experienced by people of colour? - ANSWER-racialized group Which adaptation pattern involves identifying with both one's heritage culture and one's new, national culture? - ANSWER-integration pattern Which adaptation pattern involves uncertainty about which culture(s) one should or should not identify with? - ANSWER-diffuse pattern Which of the following is characterized by ethnic groups maintaining the traditions of their heritage cultures, and by diversity being valued? - ANSWER-cultural pluralism Which of the following is an example of population transfer? - ANSWER-the expelling of the 7,000 Acadians living in the Maritimes in the mid-18th century What does the affective component of prejudice reflect? - ANSWER-how we feel SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 What is racism based on? - ANSWER-aspects of physical appearance Approximately what percent of Canada's population is foreign-born? - ANSWER-20% Which factors motivate people to leave their countries of origin? - ANSWER-push Since the time Canada signed the Refugee Convention and implemented its first formal refugee determination system, approximately how many refugees have settled here? - ANSWER-500,000 Among those of European background, where do we see the strongest interdependence of family members? - ANSWER-Southern Europeans Which of the following preceded residential schools? - ANSWER-day schools Which term refers to people who do not have prejudicial thoughts or feelings yet still act in discriminatory ways? - ANSWER-fair-weather liberals Which of the following is illustrated by the example of the prejudices that developed at a boys' summer camp? - ANSWER-realistic conflict theory According to conflict theorists, which market comprises jobs that are poorly paid and insecure (e.g., part-time, temporary) and that provide little opportunity for advancement? - ANSWER-secondary labour market What does the Vanier Institute's definition of family NOT include? - ANSWER-at least two people of the opposite sex In a consumerist society, how are children perceived? - ANSWER-as commodities Which marital trend has NOT increased over the past several decades? - ANSWER marriage rates Which of the following groups support the family decline perspective? - ANSWER-some religious groups and some sociologists What are both the family decline perspective and the family pluralism perspective prone towards? - ANSWER-extremism The textbook's authors are quick to dismiss the notion that Canadian families are in which sort of existence? - ANSWER-social decline Which word best summarizes the contributions each party is making in a relationship that are perceived as "fair?" - ANSWER-equity SOCI 1000 SOCI 1000 From an interactionist perspective, which term best describes the permission of a marriage held by husbands and wives? - ANSWER-different Which statement best describes the outcome of defining family on the basis of love? - ANSWER-It fails to capture the complexity of emotions within families. What is NOT a bioethical issue associated with artificial reproductive technologies? - ANSWER-The technologies themselves have not yet been perfected, and can lead to deformities and other disorders. Which statement best reflects Canada's divorce rate? - ANSWER-It has been decreasing since the 1980s For those who subscribe to the family decline perspective, how is the presence of two married, biological parents described? - ANSWER-as the gold standard for childrearing Which statement is a critique of the family pluralism perspective? - ANSWER-It glosses over family problems and crises of today. Indigenous children make up what percentage of those in foster care? - ANSWER-48% Which social theories were the first to draw attention to household responsibilities as being "work" rather than "leisure"? - ANSWER-feminist theories Why do some conflict theories suggest that family conflict is distinctive from social problems at large? - ANSWER-because of the uniquely emotional nature of resources within families What are the two types of bonding capital? - ANSWER-positive bonding capital and negative bonding capital Who authored the book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism? - ANSWER Max Weber When did scientism originate? - ANSWER-around the Renaissance Which norm is NOT part of the "normative structure of science"? - ANSWER-norm of quality Who is often credited as the founder of the sociology of science (or scientific knowledge)? - ANSWER-Robert Merton Which of the following is N