Molecular and Cellular Biology Exam:
1 Questions with Verified Answers
The levels of organization of multicellular organisms and how they are related -
ANSWERSThe Cell: Basic Unit of Life
Tissue: A collection of cells
Organ: Collection of Tissues
Organ System Collection of organs and auxiliary tissue
What is an emergent property - ANSWERSA property thet a collection or complex
system has, but the individual components do not
5 kingdoms - ANSWERSFungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists
3 Domains - ANSWERSArchea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic
Which elements are the most important for life? - ANSWERSHydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon
Atomic Structure - ANSWERSProtons and nutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbit in
shells
Atomic mass - ANSWERSprotons plus the neutrons
Atomic number - ANSWERSproton number
Isotope - ANSWERSAtom that contains different number of neutrons than protons
Electron configuration of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon - ANSWERSOxygen
wants to make 2 bonds, nitrogen wants to make 3, hydrogen wants to make 1 and
carbon wants to make 4
How does valence affect chemical bonding - ANSWERSChemical bonding takes place
so that atoms can vill valence shells. A full shell is more stable
Two types of chemical bonds - ANSWERSIonic and covalent
Covalent bond - ANSWERSSharing of electrons between two atoms
Ionic bond - ANSWERSOne atom donates an electron causing an opposite attraction
How does hydrogen bonding work - ANSWERSWeak bonds that are made and broken
easily.
, Hydrogen of a polar, covalent molecule has an attraction to a nitrogen of a similar
molecule
What makes some molecules polar - ANSWERSThe more electronegativity an atoms
has the more polar that it is.
Atoms are non polar when electronegativity is equal and atoms are shared evenly
The physical and chemical characteristics of water - ANSWERSCovalently bonded
Polar molecule
Occurs between hydrogen atom of one water molecule with oxygen of another
1/20th as strong as a covalent bond
Why carbon based molecules are so diverse and how this diversity arrises -
ANSWERSCarbon has 4 electrons in the outer shell and this allows for many possible
configuration
Shape determines the biological diversity
Structures of functional groups commonly found in organic molecules - ANSWERSSee
notes
How polymerization is accomplished - ANSWERSAccomplished through covalent
bonding
Takes place through dehydration
This process can be reversed
Dehydration - ANSWERSRemoving a water molecule
Hydrolisis - ANSWERSAdding a water molecule
Recognize general structure of each macromolecule and its monomer - ANSWERSSee
notes and review online
The functions of carbohydrates - ANSWERSComprised of sugars and polymers of
sugars
Used for energy-simple sugars,
storage of energy-starches, and
structural components of cellulose and chitin
Monosaccharides - ANSWERSSimple sugars=monomers
Usually have a chemical composition CxH2xOx
Can exist as chains or rings
Monosaccharides combine to form disaccharides
Disaccharides - ANSWERSFormed b the dehydration reaction between two
monosaccharides
Bond between monosaccharides is called the glycosidic linkage
1 Questions with Verified Answers
The levels of organization of multicellular organisms and how they are related -
ANSWERSThe Cell: Basic Unit of Life
Tissue: A collection of cells
Organ: Collection of Tissues
Organ System Collection of organs and auxiliary tissue
What is an emergent property - ANSWERSA property thet a collection or complex
system has, but the individual components do not
5 kingdoms - ANSWERSFungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists
3 Domains - ANSWERSArchea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic
Which elements are the most important for life? - ANSWERSHydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon
Atomic Structure - ANSWERSProtons and nutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbit in
shells
Atomic mass - ANSWERSprotons plus the neutrons
Atomic number - ANSWERSproton number
Isotope - ANSWERSAtom that contains different number of neutrons than protons
Electron configuration of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon - ANSWERSOxygen
wants to make 2 bonds, nitrogen wants to make 3, hydrogen wants to make 1 and
carbon wants to make 4
How does valence affect chemical bonding - ANSWERSChemical bonding takes place
so that atoms can vill valence shells. A full shell is more stable
Two types of chemical bonds - ANSWERSIonic and covalent
Covalent bond - ANSWERSSharing of electrons between two atoms
Ionic bond - ANSWERSOne atom donates an electron causing an opposite attraction
How does hydrogen bonding work - ANSWERSWeak bonds that are made and broken
easily.
, Hydrogen of a polar, covalent molecule has an attraction to a nitrogen of a similar
molecule
What makes some molecules polar - ANSWERSThe more electronegativity an atoms
has the more polar that it is.
Atoms are non polar when electronegativity is equal and atoms are shared evenly
The physical and chemical characteristics of water - ANSWERSCovalently bonded
Polar molecule
Occurs between hydrogen atom of one water molecule with oxygen of another
1/20th as strong as a covalent bond
Why carbon based molecules are so diverse and how this diversity arrises -
ANSWERSCarbon has 4 electrons in the outer shell and this allows for many possible
configuration
Shape determines the biological diversity
Structures of functional groups commonly found in organic molecules - ANSWERSSee
notes
How polymerization is accomplished - ANSWERSAccomplished through covalent
bonding
Takes place through dehydration
This process can be reversed
Dehydration - ANSWERSRemoving a water molecule
Hydrolisis - ANSWERSAdding a water molecule
Recognize general structure of each macromolecule and its monomer - ANSWERSSee
notes and review online
The functions of carbohydrates - ANSWERSComprised of sugars and polymers of
sugars
Used for energy-simple sugars,
storage of energy-starches, and
structural components of cellulose and chitin
Monosaccharides - ANSWERSSimple sugars=monomers
Usually have a chemical composition CxH2xOx
Can exist as chains or rings
Monosaccharides combine to form disaccharides
Disaccharides - ANSWERSFormed b the dehydration reaction between two
monosaccharides
Bond between monosaccharides is called the glycosidic linkage
