MCB 2210 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Graded A+.
Cell theory - correct answer. -everything has 1+ cells
-cells=basic unit of living
-cells require preexisting cells to arise
Central dogma processes - correct answer. 1-activation
2-transcription
3-processing
4-translation (in cytosol)
Protein folding gives rise to the following shapes - correct answer. -enzymes
(chemical rxns)
-structural proteins (organization)
-regulatory molecules (info)
How many different proteins does it take to make a cell? - correct answer. p-1K-4K
(477 in mycoplasma)
e: 30K (6,300 for simple)
Differential gene expression - correct answer. -turning genes on and off
-uses transcription factors
Transcriptome - correct answer. -genes that are being transcribed and translated
Signal Transduction pathways - correct answer. response of a cell that is typically
due to the cascades of interactions between proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other
biochemicals
Protein placement in suspended cells - correct answer. -spread throughout the circle
-specific locations in cells on a surface
,Epigenetics - correct answer. -inherited changes in the genetic potential of the cell
w/o underlying genetic changes
-via methylation of cytosines (switch off) and acetylation of histones (switch on)
Nucleoid - correct answer. area in which circular DNA is concentrated
Capsule found in ECM - correct answer. -lipopolysaccharide
-cell wall
Where are the ribosomes in prokaryotes? - correct answer. cytosol
Plant and Algae additional components - correct answer. -chloroplasts
-cell walls (cellulose)
Common ancestor cell - correct answer. -theorized due to fundamentals of life
processes in DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolic pathways
-gave rise to archaea and bacteria
Archae gave rise to______ - correct answer. eukaryotes
First cell arising - correct answer. -soup of org materials
-polynucleotides formed (RNA)
-lipid bilayers formed
-occurred 05/1billion years ago
-DNA evolved as a storage medium for info, proteins became catalysts, and RNA is an
intermediary
Symbiosis - correct answer. -evolved from prokaryotes involving internalization of
other components
Generalist - correct answer. single-celled organisms (such as protists paramecium),
cells that can do it all, typically more complex that multicellular organisms
Multicellular development - correct answer. multicellular organisms where the cells
are specialized and limited in their range of function, this kind of development allows for
larger and more complex organisms
Morphogenesis - correct answer. coordinated movement and reorganization of cells,
seen in the fetal stage after continued proliferation
Cell differentiation - correct answer. each cell has the same set of genes, however
different cells express different genes allowing for the generation of unique cell types
and behaviors
, How many cells in humans - correct answer. 50 trillion (made of 200-250 different
types)
Dictyostelium - correct answer. single-celled amoeboid protest that can transform
into a multicellular organism by active intercellular signaling, form slugs and fruiting
bodies
Myxobacteria - correct answer. prokaryote that can form multicellular organism
(swarms or fruiting bodies)
Primary cells - correct answer. non-cancerous/non-transformed cells, can be
isolated and cultured to study; examples=neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neurons
Transformed cells - correct answer. cancerous cells, can continuously in culture and
used to study important processes as these cell lines duplicate key features of normal
cells; ex=HeLa cells
Light microscopy - correct answer. limited in contrast, magnification, and resolving
power, used to see objects >200nm
Transmitted light microscopy - correct answer. white light passes through the
specimen before being collected, cells are typically transparent and need to be colored
to provide contrast
Contrast - correct answer. difference in intensity between an object and its
background
Techniques to enhance contrast - correct answer. phase contrast, phase contrast,
differential interference contrast (DIC), chemical stains
Magnification - correct answer. amount you blow up the initial image, dependent on
the lens
Resolution - correct answer. how far apart two objects have to be to be seen as
separate objects, how much detail can you make out, dependent upon the properties of
light and how it interacts with the specimen, determined by wavelength and numerical
aperture
Shorter wavelength= - correct answer. better resolution
Numerical aperture - correct answer. width of the light-cone the object gathers
Resolution of conventional light microscopes =_____ the wavelength of the light being
used - correct answer. 50%
Airy Patterns - correct answer. diffracted light circles
Graded A+.
Cell theory - correct answer. -everything has 1+ cells
-cells=basic unit of living
-cells require preexisting cells to arise
Central dogma processes - correct answer. 1-activation
2-transcription
3-processing
4-translation (in cytosol)
Protein folding gives rise to the following shapes - correct answer. -enzymes
(chemical rxns)
-structural proteins (organization)
-regulatory molecules (info)
How many different proteins does it take to make a cell? - correct answer. p-1K-4K
(477 in mycoplasma)
e: 30K (6,300 for simple)
Differential gene expression - correct answer. -turning genes on and off
-uses transcription factors
Transcriptome - correct answer. -genes that are being transcribed and translated
Signal Transduction pathways - correct answer. response of a cell that is typically
due to the cascades of interactions between proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other
biochemicals
Protein placement in suspended cells - correct answer. -spread throughout the circle
-specific locations in cells on a surface
,Epigenetics - correct answer. -inherited changes in the genetic potential of the cell
w/o underlying genetic changes
-via methylation of cytosines (switch off) and acetylation of histones (switch on)
Nucleoid - correct answer. area in which circular DNA is concentrated
Capsule found in ECM - correct answer. -lipopolysaccharide
-cell wall
Where are the ribosomes in prokaryotes? - correct answer. cytosol
Plant and Algae additional components - correct answer. -chloroplasts
-cell walls (cellulose)
Common ancestor cell - correct answer. -theorized due to fundamentals of life
processes in DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolic pathways
-gave rise to archaea and bacteria
Archae gave rise to______ - correct answer. eukaryotes
First cell arising - correct answer. -soup of org materials
-polynucleotides formed (RNA)
-lipid bilayers formed
-occurred 05/1billion years ago
-DNA evolved as a storage medium for info, proteins became catalysts, and RNA is an
intermediary
Symbiosis - correct answer. -evolved from prokaryotes involving internalization of
other components
Generalist - correct answer. single-celled organisms (such as protists paramecium),
cells that can do it all, typically more complex that multicellular organisms
Multicellular development - correct answer. multicellular organisms where the cells
are specialized and limited in their range of function, this kind of development allows for
larger and more complex organisms
Morphogenesis - correct answer. coordinated movement and reorganization of cells,
seen in the fetal stage after continued proliferation
Cell differentiation - correct answer. each cell has the same set of genes, however
different cells express different genes allowing for the generation of unique cell types
and behaviors
, How many cells in humans - correct answer. 50 trillion (made of 200-250 different
types)
Dictyostelium - correct answer. single-celled amoeboid protest that can transform
into a multicellular organism by active intercellular signaling, form slugs and fruiting
bodies
Myxobacteria - correct answer. prokaryote that can form multicellular organism
(swarms or fruiting bodies)
Primary cells - correct answer. non-cancerous/non-transformed cells, can be
isolated and cultured to study; examples=neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neurons
Transformed cells - correct answer. cancerous cells, can continuously in culture and
used to study important processes as these cell lines duplicate key features of normal
cells; ex=HeLa cells
Light microscopy - correct answer. limited in contrast, magnification, and resolving
power, used to see objects >200nm
Transmitted light microscopy - correct answer. white light passes through the
specimen before being collected, cells are typically transparent and need to be colored
to provide contrast
Contrast - correct answer. difference in intensity between an object and its
background
Techniques to enhance contrast - correct answer. phase contrast, phase contrast,
differential interference contrast (DIC), chemical stains
Magnification - correct answer. amount you blow up the initial image, dependent on
the lens
Resolution - correct answer. how far apart two objects have to be to be seen as
separate objects, how much detail can you make out, dependent upon the properties of
light and how it interacts with the specimen, determined by wavelength and numerical
aperture
Shorter wavelength= - correct answer. better resolution
Numerical aperture - correct answer. width of the light-cone the object gathers
Resolution of conventional light microscopes =_____ the wavelength of the light being
used - correct answer. 50%
Airy Patterns - correct answer. diffracted light circles
