1
Midterm Exam: NR507 / NR 507 (Latest
2025/2026 Update) Advanced
Pathophysiology Review | Questions and
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade
A – Chamberlain
Question 1
Which cell type is the primary "first responder" in the innate immune
system?
A. Macrophages
B. T lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Dendritic cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neutrophils are the earliest responders to acute
inflammation, rapidly migrating to infection sites via chemotaxis (2025
immunology texts). Macrophages (A) arrive later for phagocytosis; T
lymphocytes (B) are adaptive immunity; dendritic cells (D) present
antigens.
Question 2
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which hypersensitivity
reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
, 2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity, mediated by T
cells, causes contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy) with symptoms like
erythema 48–72 hours post-exposure (2026 allergy guidelines). Type I
(A) is IgE-mediated (anaphylaxis); Type II (B) is cytotoxic (e.g.,
hemolytic anemia); Type III (C) involves immune complexes (e.g.,
SLE).
Question 3
Hives (urticaria) are characteristic of which hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urticaria results from Type I hypersensitivity, where IgE-
mediated mast cell degranulation releases histamine, causing wheals
(2025 WAO). Type II (B) targets specific tissues; Type III (C) involves
complexes (e.g., glomerulonephritis); Type IV (D) is delayed (e.g., TB
skin test).
Question 4
What is the hallmark feature of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A. Mast cell degranulation
B. Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity
C. Immune complex deposition
D. T-cell mediated inflammation
Correct Answer: B
, 3
Rationale: Type II involves IgG/IgM targeting cell surface antigens,
triggering cytotoxicity (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia) (2026
immunology). A is Type I; C is Type III; D is Type IV.
Question 5
Which condition is associated with Type III hypersensitivity?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Graves’ disease
C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SLE involves immune complex (IgG/antigen) deposition in
tissues, causing inflammation (e.g., glomerulonephritis) (2025 ACR). A
is Type I; B is Type II; D is Type IV.
Question 6
What is the primary mechanism of anaphylaxis in Type I
hypersensitivity?
A. T-cell activation
B. Cytokine storm
C. Mast cell degranulation
D. Complement activation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anaphylaxis results from IgE-mediated mast cell release of
histamine, leukotrienes, causing systemic
vasodilation/bronchoconstriction (2026 WAO). Epinephrine reverses
effects. A is Type IV; B is non-specific; D is Type II/III.
Midterm Exam: NR507 / NR 507 (Latest
2025/2026 Update) Advanced
Pathophysiology Review | Questions and
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade
A – Chamberlain
Question 1
Which cell type is the primary "first responder" in the innate immune
system?
A. Macrophages
B. T lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Dendritic cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neutrophils are the earliest responders to acute
inflammation, rapidly migrating to infection sites via chemotaxis (2025
immunology texts). Macrophages (A) arrive later for phagocytosis; T
lymphocytes (B) are adaptive immunity; dendritic cells (D) present
antigens.
Question 2
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which hypersensitivity
reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
, 2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity, mediated by T
cells, causes contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy) with symptoms like
erythema 48–72 hours post-exposure (2026 allergy guidelines). Type I
(A) is IgE-mediated (anaphylaxis); Type II (B) is cytotoxic (e.g.,
hemolytic anemia); Type III (C) involves immune complexes (e.g.,
SLE).
Question 3
Hives (urticaria) are characteristic of which hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urticaria results from Type I hypersensitivity, where IgE-
mediated mast cell degranulation releases histamine, causing wheals
(2025 WAO). Type II (B) targets specific tissues; Type III (C) involves
complexes (e.g., glomerulonephritis); Type IV (D) is delayed (e.g., TB
skin test).
Question 4
What is the hallmark feature of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A. Mast cell degranulation
B. Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity
C. Immune complex deposition
D. T-cell mediated inflammation
Correct Answer: B
, 3
Rationale: Type II involves IgG/IgM targeting cell surface antigens,
triggering cytotoxicity (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia) (2026
immunology). A is Type I; C is Type III; D is Type IV.
Question 5
Which condition is associated with Type III hypersensitivity?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Graves’ disease
C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SLE involves immune complex (IgG/antigen) deposition in
tissues, causing inflammation (e.g., glomerulonephritis) (2025 ACR). A
is Type I; B is Type II; D is Type IV.
Question 6
What is the primary mechanism of anaphylaxis in Type I
hypersensitivity?
A. T-cell activation
B. Cytokine storm
C. Mast cell degranulation
D. Complement activation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anaphylaxis results from IgE-mediated mast cell release of
histamine, leukotrienes, causing systemic
vasodilation/bronchoconstriction (2026 WAO). Epinephrine reverses
effects. A is Type IV; B is non-specific; D is Type II/III.
