Chapter 01: Nursing Today
xg xg xg
Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 12th Edition
xg xg xg xg xg
MULTIPLE CHOICE xg
,1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Florence Nightingale xg
b. Mary Nutting xg
c. Clara Barton xg
d. Lillian Wald xg
ANS: A xg
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Street Settlement.
xg xg
DIF:Understand (comprehension) xg
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance x g xg xg xg
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
standard of nursing practice is the nurse following?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C xg
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis,
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Understand (comprehension) xg
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP: Planning xg
MSC: Management of Care
xg x g xg xg
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
level of proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner xg
ANS: A xg
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP:
Evaluation MSC: Management of Care
xg xg x g xg xg
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nurse demonstrating?
xg xg
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B xg
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
RN, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practice. Accountability means that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
type and quality of nursing care provided.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP:
Implementation MSC: Management of Care
xg xg x g xg xg
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nurse implementing?
xg xg
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B xg
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health,
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP:
Implementation MSC: Management of Care
xg xg x g xg xg
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
development. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
xg xg xg xg xg
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)xg xg xg xg
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
xg xg xg xg xg
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
ANS: B xg
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Professional doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Understand (comprehension) xg
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
(RN) education.
xg xg TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care x g x g xg xg
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Nurses Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Graduate education xg
b. Inservice education xg
c. Continuing education xg
d. Registered nurse education xg xg
ANS: C xg
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing,
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
you can pursue graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
education is the education preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN)
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
xg xg xg
Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 12th Edition
xg xg xg xg xg
MULTIPLE CHOICE xg
,1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Florence Nightingale xg
b. Mary Nutting xg
c. Clara Barton xg
d. Lillian Wald xg
ANS: A xg
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Street Settlement.
xg xg
DIF:Understand (comprehension) xg
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance x g xg xg xg
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
standard of nursing practice is the nurse following?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C xg
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis,
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Understand (comprehension) xg
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP: Planning xg
MSC: Management of Care
xg x g xg xg
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
level of proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner xg
ANS: A xg
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP:
Evaluation MSC: Management of Care
xg xg x g xg xg
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nurse demonstrating?
xg xg
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B xg
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
RN, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practice. Accountability means that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
type and quality of nursing care provided.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP:
Implementation MSC: Management of Care
xg xg x g xg xg
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nurse implementing?
xg xg
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B xg
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health,
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg TOP:
Implementation MSC: Management of Care
xg xg x g xg xg
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
development. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
xg xg xg xg xg
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)xg xg xg xg
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
xg xg xg xg xg
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
ANS: B xg
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Professional doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Understand (comprehension) xg
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
(RN) education.
xg xg TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care x g x g xg xg
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
Nurses Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
a. Graduate education xg
b. Inservice education xg
c. Continuing education xg
d. Registered nurse education xg xg
ANS: C xg
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing,
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
you can pursue graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
education is the education preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
DIF:Apply (application) xg
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN)
xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg xg
