NFDN 1002 OXYGENATION EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Age relates factors affecting oxygenation - ANS -age related - plaque accumulates and affects
gas diffusion , osteoporosis - makes chest become barrel shaped, diminished chest expansion,
alveoli enlarge decreasing surface area available for gas exchange, functional cilia is reduced
decreasing effectiveness of cough
other factors that affect oxygenation - ANS physiological, musculoskeletal -chest wall,
curvature of the spine, movement- exercise , lifestyle- obesity, smoking, stress and anxiety,
environment
Pneumonia - ANS lung infection caused by - aspiration in pharynx, inhalation of microbes,
hematogenous spread from somewhere else in body
types of pneumonia - ANS 1 community
2 hospital
3 Aspiration - abnormal entry and secretions into lower airways of compromised patients
4 opportunistic - immunocompromised
care for pneumonia - ANS -extra fluids to keep mucous membranes moist
-small nourishing meals to replace calories lost to energy of breathing
- high fowlerspositioning to promote oxygenation
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, -incentive spirometry/ deep breathing
-teach patient to take full course of antibiotics
-humidified oxygen to loosen secretions
COPD -Emphysema & Chronic Bronchitis - ANS emphysema - alveoli become abnormally
enlarged and are destroyed therefore narrowing airways
chronic bronchitis - obstructive pulmonary disease of larger airways
- air becomes trapped leading to dyspnea, hypoventilation, impaired gas exchange
- may experience cough, excessive sputum, dyspnea, barrel shaped chest from air trapped in
lungs
asthma - ANS chronic inflammation of the airways causing obstruction therefore occurring
episodes of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness
- episodic and unpredictable
care for asthma patient - ANS - monitor o2 levels
- bronchodilator medications
- increase fluids to loosen secretions
- calm and reassuring approach to reduce anxiety
hypoxemia - ANS insufficient oxygen in arteries
hypoxia - ANS lack of adequate oxygen at tissues
hypercapnia - ANS elevated CO2 in blood
dyspnea - ANS difficult or laboured breathing
orthopnea - ANS difficult breathing when laying flat
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Age relates factors affecting oxygenation - ANS -age related - plaque accumulates and affects
gas diffusion , osteoporosis - makes chest become barrel shaped, diminished chest expansion,
alveoli enlarge decreasing surface area available for gas exchange, functional cilia is reduced
decreasing effectiveness of cough
other factors that affect oxygenation - ANS physiological, musculoskeletal -chest wall,
curvature of the spine, movement- exercise , lifestyle- obesity, smoking, stress and anxiety,
environment
Pneumonia - ANS lung infection caused by - aspiration in pharynx, inhalation of microbes,
hematogenous spread from somewhere else in body
types of pneumonia - ANS 1 community
2 hospital
3 Aspiration - abnormal entry and secretions into lower airways of compromised patients
4 opportunistic - immunocompromised
care for pneumonia - ANS -extra fluids to keep mucous membranes moist
-small nourishing meals to replace calories lost to energy of breathing
- high fowlerspositioning to promote oxygenation
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, -incentive spirometry/ deep breathing
-teach patient to take full course of antibiotics
-humidified oxygen to loosen secretions
COPD -Emphysema & Chronic Bronchitis - ANS emphysema - alveoli become abnormally
enlarged and are destroyed therefore narrowing airways
chronic bronchitis - obstructive pulmonary disease of larger airways
- air becomes trapped leading to dyspnea, hypoventilation, impaired gas exchange
- may experience cough, excessive sputum, dyspnea, barrel shaped chest from air trapped in
lungs
asthma - ANS chronic inflammation of the airways causing obstruction therefore occurring
episodes of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness
- episodic and unpredictable
care for asthma patient - ANS - monitor o2 levels
- bronchodilator medications
- increase fluids to loosen secretions
- calm and reassuring approach to reduce anxiety
hypoxemia - ANS insufficient oxygen in arteries
hypoxia - ANS lack of adequate oxygen at tissues
hypercapnia - ANS elevated CO2 in blood
dyspnea - ANS difficult or laboured breathing
orthopnea - ANS difficult breathing when laying flat
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
