RNSG 1533 Exam 1 | Actual Questions and Verified
Answers
The liver has many jobs. One of the most important functions of the liver is to
cleanse the portal blood of old and defective blood cells, bacteria in the
bloodstream, and any foreign material. Which cells in the liver are capable of
removing bacteria and foreign material from the portal blood?
A) Davidoff cells
B) Epstein cells
C) Langerhans cells
D) Kupffer cells - ANSWER -D) Kupffer cells
When discussing the various functions of the cellular parts, the pathophysiology
professor asks a group of students, "Where are the primary sites of protein
synthesis located in a cell?" Which student response is correct?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Nuclear envelope
D) Mitochondria
E) Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER -E) Endoplasmic reticulum
A nurse is discussing nutrition and weight control with clients during a class about
diabetes. Which statement best reflects the purpose of nutritional management of
diabetes?
A) to maintain cholesterol levels to prevent the long-term complications of
vascular disease
B) to increase exercise and monitor weight to stay within a recommended healthy
weight range
C) to meet energy needs by eating only foods that keep blood glucose within a
relatively normal range
D) to maintain blood glucose levels close to the normal range to reduce risk for
long-term complications - ANSWER -D) to maintain blood glucose levels close to
the normal range to reduce risk for long-term complications
The nurse is preparing to interview a client with cirrhosis. Based on an
understanding of this disorder, which question would be most important to
include?
A) "What type of over-the-counter pain reliever do you use?"
B) "Does your work expose you to chemicals?"
,C) "How often do you drink alcohol?"
D) "Have you had an infection recently?" - ANSWER -C) "How often do you
drink alcohol?"
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client whose fetus has been diagnosed with
macrosomia. When reviewing the client's history, which information would the
nurse expect to find?
A) gestational diabetes
B) small body size of mother
C) preterm pregnancy
D) maternal rickets - ANSWER -A) gestational diabetes
Which pediatric assessment finding would the nurse recognize as an example of
precocious puberty?
A) A 16-year-old male with genital enlargement and pubic hair growth
B) A 12-year-old male with advanced growth
C) A 13-year-old female with menarche and a recent growth spurt
D) A 7-year-old female with early menarche - ANSWER -D) A 7-year-old female
with early menarche
A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about
management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to
monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response?
A) "When the body does not have enough insulin, hyperglycemia occurs. Excess
glucose is broken down by the liver, causing acidic by-products to be released."
B) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the
absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to
start breaking down stored fat for energy."
C) "Ketones are formed when insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation. As
cells rupture, they release these acids into the blood."
D) "Excess glucose in the blood is metabolized by the liver and turned into
ketones, which are an acid." - ANSWER -B) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and
urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin
deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."
Cells in which organ are unable to regenerate?
A) Liver
B) Brain
C) Kidney
D) Pancreas - ANSWER -B) Brain
, The newborn nursery nurse is obtaining a blood sample to determine if a newborn
has congenital hypothyroidism. What long-term complication is the nurse aware
can occur if this test is not performed and the infant has congenital
hypothyroidism?
A) Dehydration from diarrhea
B) Cretinism
C) Accelerated growth
D) Irritability and restlessness - ANSWER -B) Cretinism
The client presents with symptoms consistent with hypogonadism. For a diagnosis
of hypogonadism, the nurse expects which diagnostic test to be ordered?
A) Total testosterone levels
B) Thyroid stimulating hormone level
C) Growth releasing hormone level
D) Nitric oxide level - ANSWER -A) Total testosterone levels
The nurse is caring for a client post myocardial infarction (MI). Orders include
strict bed rest and a clear, liquid diet. What is the nurse's best response to the client
who is inquiring about the purpose of the new diet?
A) to address the fluctuation in blood sugar
B) to reduce the amount of fecal elimination
C) to reduce the metabolic workload of digestion
D) to improve the gastric acidity of the stomach - ANSWER -C) to reduce the
metabolic workload of digestion
After a 3-month trial of dietary therapy, a client with type 2 diabetes still has
blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dl (9.99mmol/L). The physician adds
glyburide, 2.5 mg P.O. daily, to the treatment regimen. The nurse should instruct
the client to take the glyburide:
A) at breakfast.
B) in mid-morning.
C) at bedtime.
D) 30 minutes after dinner. - ANSWER -A) at breakfast
A physiology instructor asks the students about the purpose of the promoter region
on a DNA strand. Which student response is most accurate?
A) Location for protein-coding regions of the mRNA sequences
B) Reverses redundant base pairs
, C) Contains amino acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus
starting the replication process
D) Delivers activated amino acids to begin mitosis - ANSWER -C) Contains amino
acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus starting the
replication process
A patient comes to the clinic at 8 a.m. for a scheduled visit. The nurse obtains the
patient's temperature orally. Which finding would the nurse interpret as a potential
indicator of a problem?
A) 97.2 degrees F
B) 98.0 degrees F
C) 99.6 degrees F
D) 98.4 degrees F - ANSWER -C) 99.6 degrees F
Students are reviewing information about the glands of the skin. The students
demonstrate understanding of the material when they state which of the following?
A) The sweat glands are responsible for lubricating the hair.
B) The sebaceous glands are responsible for sweat secretion.
C) The apocrine glands become active at puberty.
D) The eccrine glands are primarily located in the axillae. - ANSWER -C) The
apocrine glands become active at puberty.
A patient has been identified as a poor metabolizer for a drug that undergoes CYP
450 metabolism. The nurse interprets this information as indicating which of the
following?
A) The therapeutic response would be less.
B) Drug absorption would be more rapid.
C) The patient will need a higher dosage of medication.
D) The patient is at increased risk for toxicity. - ANSWER -D) The patient is at
increased risk for toxicity.
A client is admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of problems experienced
with gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. The nurse anticipates the health care
provider will further assess the:
A) Small intestine
B) Intestinal lumen
C) Sigmoid colon
D) Large bowel - ANSWER -A) Small intestine
Answers
The liver has many jobs. One of the most important functions of the liver is to
cleanse the portal blood of old and defective blood cells, bacteria in the
bloodstream, and any foreign material. Which cells in the liver are capable of
removing bacteria and foreign material from the portal blood?
A) Davidoff cells
B) Epstein cells
C) Langerhans cells
D) Kupffer cells - ANSWER -D) Kupffer cells
When discussing the various functions of the cellular parts, the pathophysiology
professor asks a group of students, "Where are the primary sites of protein
synthesis located in a cell?" Which student response is correct?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Nuclear envelope
D) Mitochondria
E) Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER -E) Endoplasmic reticulum
A nurse is discussing nutrition and weight control with clients during a class about
diabetes. Which statement best reflects the purpose of nutritional management of
diabetes?
A) to maintain cholesterol levels to prevent the long-term complications of
vascular disease
B) to increase exercise and monitor weight to stay within a recommended healthy
weight range
C) to meet energy needs by eating only foods that keep blood glucose within a
relatively normal range
D) to maintain blood glucose levels close to the normal range to reduce risk for
long-term complications - ANSWER -D) to maintain blood glucose levels close to
the normal range to reduce risk for long-term complications
The nurse is preparing to interview a client with cirrhosis. Based on an
understanding of this disorder, which question would be most important to
include?
A) "What type of over-the-counter pain reliever do you use?"
B) "Does your work expose you to chemicals?"
,C) "How often do you drink alcohol?"
D) "Have you had an infection recently?" - ANSWER -C) "How often do you
drink alcohol?"
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client whose fetus has been diagnosed with
macrosomia. When reviewing the client's history, which information would the
nurse expect to find?
A) gestational diabetes
B) small body size of mother
C) preterm pregnancy
D) maternal rickets - ANSWER -A) gestational diabetes
Which pediatric assessment finding would the nurse recognize as an example of
precocious puberty?
A) A 16-year-old male with genital enlargement and pubic hair growth
B) A 12-year-old male with advanced growth
C) A 13-year-old female with menarche and a recent growth spurt
D) A 7-year-old female with early menarche - ANSWER -D) A 7-year-old female
with early menarche
A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about
management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to
monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response?
A) "When the body does not have enough insulin, hyperglycemia occurs. Excess
glucose is broken down by the liver, causing acidic by-products to be released."
B) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the
absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to
start breaking down stored fat for energy."
C) "Ketones are formed when insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation. As
cells rupture, they release these acids into the blood."
D) "Excess glucose in the blood is metabolized by the liver and turned into
ketones, which are an acid." - ANSWER -B) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and
urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin
deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."
Cells in which organ are unable to regenerate?
A) Liver
B) Brain
C) Kidney
D) Pancreas - ANSWER -B) Brain
, The newborn nursery nurse is obtaining a blood sample to determine if a newborn
has congenital hypothyroidism. What long-term complication is the nurse aware
can occur if this test is not performed and the infant has congenital
hypothyroidism?
A) Dehydration from diarrhea
B) Cretinism
C) Accelerated growth
D) Irritability and restlessness - ANSWER -B) Cretinism
The client presents with symptoms consistent with hypogonadism. For a diagnosis
of hypogonadism, the nurse expects which diagnostic test to be ordered?
A) Total testosterone levels
B) Thyroid stimulating hormone level
C) Growth releasing hormone level
D) Nitric oxide level - ANSWER -A) Total testosterone levels
The nurse is caring for a client post myocardial infarction (MI). Orders include
strict bed rest and a clear, liquid diet. What is the nurse's best response to the client
who is inquiring about the purpose of the new diet?
A) to address the fluctuation in blood sugar
B) to reduce the amount of fecal elimination
C) to reduce the metabolic workload of digestion
D) to improve the gastric acidity of the stomach - ANSWER -C) to reduce the
metabolic workload of digestion
After a 3-month trial of dietary therapy, a client with type 2 diabetes still has
blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dl (9.99mmol/L). The physician adds
glyburide, 2.5 mg P.O. daily, to the treatment regimen. The nurse should instruct
the client to take the glyburide:
A) at breakfast.
B) in mid-morning.
C) at bedtime.
D) 30 minutes after dinner. - ANSWER -A) at breakfast
A physiology instructor asks the students about the purpose of the promoter region
on a DNA strand. Which student response is most accurate?
A) Location for protein-coding regions of the mRNA sequences
B) Reverses redundant base pairs
, C) Contains amino acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus
starting the replication process
D) Delivers activated amino acids to begin mitosis - ANSWER -C) Contains amino
acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus starting the
replication process
A patient comes to the clinic at 8 a.m. for a scheduled visit. The nurse obtains the
patient's temperature orally. Which finding would the nurse interpret as a potential
indicator of a problem?
A) 97.2 degrees F
B) 98.0 degrees F
C) 99.6 degrees F
D) 98.4 degrees F - ANSWER -C) 99.6 degrees F
Students are reviewing information about the glands of the skin. The students
demonstrate understanding of the material when they state which of the following?
A) The sweat glands are responsible for lubricating the hair.
B) The sebaceous glands are responsible for sweat secretion.
C) The apocrine glands become active at puberty.
D) The eccrine glands are primarily located in the axillae. - ANSWER -C) The
apocrine glands become active at puberty.
A patient has been identified as a poor metabolizer for a drug that undergoes CYP
450 metabolism. The nurse interprets this information as indicating which of the
following?
A) The therapeutic response would be less.
B) Drug absorption would be more rapid.
C) The patient will need a higher dosage of medication.
D) The patient is at increased risk for toxicity. - ANSWER -D) The patient is at
increased risk for toxicity.
A client is admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of problems experienced
with gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. The nurse anticipates the health care
provider will further assess the:
A) Small intestine
B) Intestinal lumen
C) Sigmoid colon
D) Large bowel - ANSWER -A) Small intestine
