BIOL 316 EXAM 1 UNR QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Define Physiology - ANS Branch Of Biology That Deals With The Functions Of Living
Organisms And Their Parts
Darwins 4 Postulates Of Natural Selection - ANS 1. Phenotypes Vary Within Populations
2. Some Of This Variation Is Passed Onto Offspring
3. In Every Generation, More Offspring Are Produced That Can Survive
4. Some Individuals Survive And Reproduce More Effectively Than Others, And This Success Is
Associated With Their Phenotypes
Evolutionary Reasoning - ANS Allows Us To PREDICT Physiology Based On Knowledge About
Local Environments, Not Just Catalogue It Across Organisms And Environments
Two Broad Questions In Animal Physiology - ANS 1. Mechanisms: What Is The Mechanism By
Which A Function Is Accomplished? (Proximate Causation)
2. Origins: How Did That Mechanism Come To Be (Ultimate Causation)
Mechanism - ANS Interactions Between The Components Of Living Animals That Enable
These Animals To Perform And Function As They Do
Firefly Bioluminescent Organ - ANS Firefly Luciferin Catalysis By Firefly Luciferase
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,Origin (Ultimate Cause) Of Light-Emitting In Firefllies - ANS Males Of Different Species Flash
Their Lights In Different But Characteristic Patterns To Attract Females
Define Adaptations - ANS Traits That Have Arisen As A Result Of Natural Selection
How And Why Are Animals Different From Inanimate Objects - ANS Atoms Of Animal Bodies
Undergo Continuous And Dynamic Exchange With The Atoms Of Their Environments. To
Maintain This Organization, Animals Require The Input Of ENERGY
Because Animals Dynamically Interact With Their Environment, They Must Maintain -
ANS Homeostasis
Define Homeostasis - ANS The Maintenance Of A Stable (Or Nearly Stable) Internal
Environment
Why Is Homeostasis Important - ANS Most Biochemistry Operates Best Within A Relatively
Narrow Range Of Conditions
How Do Animals Respond To Environmental Variation - ANS 1. Regulation
2. Conformity
Define Regulation - ANS The Animal Physiologically Or Behaviorally Compensates For
Environmental Variation
Define Conformity - ANS The Animal "Conforms" To Changes In It's External And/Or Internal
Environment
How Do Lizards Maintain Stable Internal Body Temperatures - ANS Lizards Are ECTOTHERMS,
And Use Behavioral Thermoregulation
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, Define Ectotherm - ANS Their Internal Body Temperatures Are Directly Determined By Their
Immediate External Environment
Define Behavioral Thermoregulation - ANS Maintains Constant Internal Body Temperature
What Should Mean Body Temperatures Look Like As A Function Of Mean Environmental
Temperature - ANS Thermoregulation: Should Look More Scattered (Brown Anole Bahamas)
Thermoconformity: Should Look Compacted (Slender Anole Panama)
Why Do Slender Anoles (Panama) Thermoconform? - ANS Because Behavioral
Thermoregulation Would Cost Too Much Energy In The Thermally Homogenous Environment Of
The Tropical Rainforest Understory
* In Certain Environments, Conformity Can Be A More Effective Strategy Than Regulation
Behavioral Thermoregulation, Like All Processes That Provide Homeostasis To Organisms, Rely
On - ANS Negative Feedback
Cytokine Storm Is An Example Of - ANS Positive Feedback
Define Positive Feedback - ANS Where The Physiological Process Snowballs In Response To
The Stimulus
What Is A Cytokine Storm - ANS Where Immune Cells Release Signaling Proteins Called
Cytokines Which Tell Body To Produce More Immune Cells Which In Turn Release More
Cytokines, And So On In A Positive Feedback Loop
What Are The 3 Types Of Physiological Responses To The External Environment -
ANS (Fastest Response To Slowest Response)
1. Acute Changes
2. Chronic Changes
3. Evolutionary Changes
3 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Define Physiology - ANS Branch Of Biology That Deals With The Functions Of Living
Organisms And Their Parts
Darwins 4 Postulates Of Natural Selection - ANS 1. Phenotypes Vary Within Populations
2. Some Of This Variation Is Passed Onto Offspring
3. In Every Generation, More Offspring Are Produced That Can Survive
4. Some Individuals Survive And Reproduce More Effectively Than Others, And This Success Is
Associated With Their Phenotypes
Evolutionary Reasoning - ANS Allows Us To PREDICT Physiology Based On Knowledge About
Local Environments, Not Just Catalogue It Across Organisms And Environments
Two Broad Questions In Animal Physiology - ANS 1. Mechanisms: What Is The Mechanism By
Which A Function Is Accomplished? (Proximate Causation)
2. Origins: How Did That Mechanism Come To Be (Ultimate Causation)
Mechanism - ANS Interactions Between The Components Of Living Animals That Enable
These Animals To Perform And Function As They Do
Firefly Bioluminescent Organ - ANS Firefly Luciferin Catalysis By Firefly Luciferase
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Origin (Ultimate Cause) Of Light-Emitting In Firefllies - ANS Males Of Different Species Flash
Their Lights In Different But Characteristic Patterns To Attract Females
Define Adaptations - ANS Traits That Have Arisen As A Result Of Natural Selection
How And Why Are Animals Different From Inanimate Objects - ANS Atoms Of Animal Bodies
Undergo Continuous And Dynamic Exchange With The Atoms Of Their Environments. To
Maintain This Organization, Animals Require The Input Of ENERGY
Because Animals Dynamically Interact With Their Environment, They Must Maintain -
ANS Homeostasis
Define Homeostasis - ANS The Maintenance Of A Stable (Or Nearly Stable) Internal
Environment
Why Is Homeostasis Important - ANS Most Biochemistry Operates Best Within A Relatively
Narrow Range Of Conditions
How Do Animals Respond To Environmental Variation - ANS 1. Regulation
2. Conformity
Define Regulation - ANS The Animal Physiologically Or Behaviorally Compensates For
Environmental Variation
Define Conformity - ANS The Animal "Conforms" To Changes In It's External And/Or Internal
Environment
How Do Lizards Maintain Stable Internal Body Temperatures - ANS Lizards Are ECTOTHERMS,
And Use Behavioral Thermoregulation
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Define Ectotherm - ANS Their Internal Body Temperatures Are Directly Determined By Their
Immediate External Environment
Define Behavioral Thermoregulation - ANS Maintains Constant Internal Body Temperature
What Should Mean Body Temperatures Look Like As A Function Of Mean Environmental
Temperature - ANS Thermoregulation: Should Look More Scattered (Brown Anole Bahamas)
Thermoconformity: Should Look Compacted (Slender Anole Panama)
Why Do Slender Anoles (Panama) Thermoconform? - ANS Because Behavioral
Thermoregulation Would Cost Too Much Energy In The Thermally Homogenous Environment Of
The Tropical Rainforest Understory
* In Certain Environments, Conformity Can Be A More Effective Strategy Than Regulation
Behavioral Thermoregulation, Like All Processes That Provide Homeostasis To Organisms, Rely
On - ANS Negative Feedback
Cytokine Storm Is An Example Of - ANS Positive Feedback
Define Positive Feedback - ANS Where The Physiological Process Snowballs In Response To
The Stimulus
What Is A Cytokine Storm - ANS Where Immune Cells Release Signaling Proteins Called
Cytokines Which Tell Body To Produce More Immune Cells Which In Turn Release More
Cytokines, And So On In A Positive Feedback Loop
What Are The 3 Types Of Physiological Responses To The External Environment -
ANS (Fastest Response To Slowest Response)
1. Acute Changes
2. Chronic Changes
3. Evolutionary Changes
3 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
