Child Psychology Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Teratogens - --Any environment influence Birth Defects - --Structural abnormality
that can cause prenatal damage present at birth
-Risk factors for outcomes, they do not -Leading cause of infant deaths
guarantee an outcome -Influenced 20% by genetics, 10% by
environment, and 70% unknown
-12,000 newborns are born with Fetal Alcohol
Risk Factor - --A factor that increases the Syndrome (FAS) each year
probability of a negative outcome
-Does not predict the outcome 100%, merely
puts the fetus at increased risk for problems Child Psychology - --A field of study
devoted to understanding all aspects of human
growth from conception through adolescence
Why is the fetus so susceptible to teratogens? - -Physical/cognitive/emotional/social
--Undergoing rapid physiologic
development
-Rapid cell division, migration, and differentiation Why is it important to study child psychology? -
-Changing metabolic activity --Basic research interest ~ understanding
-Changes in the hormonal system childhood
-Applied interest (teaching)
-Seeing early detection of deviant development
Why is predicting outcomes of teratogens
difficult? - --Susceptibility depends on
developmental stage at the time of exposure Nature - --Genetic makeup
-Teratogens are likely to affect a specific organ -Influence occurs before we are born
-Individuals vary in their susceptibility to
teratogens
-Susceptibility depends on mother's physiological Nurture - --Environmental experiences
state -Influence occurs before and after birth
-The greater concentration of the teratogen the
greater the risk
-Some teratogens have minimal effect on How can we study influence of nature and
mother, but major effect on the fetus nurture? - --Adoption studies ~ compare
similarity of children to adoptive vs. biological
parents
Categorizing Teratogens - --Substances -Twin studies ~ compare similarity of identical vs.
ingested or inhaled by mother/father prior to fraternal twins
conception
-Diseases in mother
-Stress in mother/father Bringing up Monkey video findings - --
-Excessive exercise, malnutrition, and eating Nervous/reactive monkeys go to foster moms
disorders who are relaxed and they become more bold, but
-Age of the mother once mother is taken away, baby is nervous
-Radiation again
-Poverty -Conclusion: both genetics and environment
matter, but disagreement continues about the
, Child Psychology Test Questions and Answers Rated A
importance of each -Apparent discontinuity results from the
accumulation of small changes or depend on how
you're measuring change
Passive Development - --Child is shaped
by external forces
-Example: girls prefer dolls because that's what One course of development or many? - --
they are given or a dad puts his son in football One: laws of development are universal
because he played all his life -Many: context has a profound impact on
development
-Example: almost all children learn to walk
Active Development - --Child (universal), but rate varies among cultures
directs/shapes/controls own development (context)
-Example: kids choose their own toys and after -Current view: children are influenced by
school activities sociocultural context
Some of the most important contributions during Development is: - --Influenced by BOTH
children's first years are: - --Attentional nature and nurture and their interactions
patterns -Bidirectional more and more active with age
-Use of language -More continuous than previously thought
-Emotions -Influenced by context
-Play
How have the views of childhood shifted
Current view on development - -Influence throughout history? - --Medieval times:
is bidirectional and child becomes more and childhood viewed as non-unique and children
more active in own development with age were viewed as mini-adults
-1500's: Protestant Reformation drove harsher
child-rearing practices because kids were born in
Continuity - --Gradual/quantitative change sin
-Age-related changes occur gradually -1600's: preformationism (belief that adultlike
-Example: looking at height growth over one's life capacities are seen in children) children were left
with their 3 year old siblings and often died
-1700's: Industrial Revolution made way for more
Discontinuity - --Abrupt/qualitative change urban living, dropped birth rate, and children died
less. Children were more valued and sent to
-Age-related changes include occasional large
school
shifts so that children of different ages seem
qualitatively different
-Example: looking at height year to year you see
Describe the factors that led to an interest in the
random growth spurts like in puberty
scientific study of children's development in the
19th and 20th centuries - --Darwin's Origin
Current view on whether or not development is of Species book because it recognized that
scientific methods could explain child psych
continuous or discontinuous - --
-William Peyer's wrote the first textbook on child
Developmental change is gradual
psych focusing on the sequences of behavior
Teratogens - --Any environment influence Birth Defects - --Structural abnormality
that can cause prenatal damage present at birth
-Risk factors for outcomes, they do not -Leading cause of infant deaths
guarantee an outcome -Influenced 20% by genetics, 10% by
environment, and 70% unknown
-12,000 newborns are born with Fetal Alcohol
Risk Factor - --A factor that increases the Syndrome (FAS) each year
probability of a negative outcome
-Does not predict the outcome 100%, merely
puts the fetus at increased risk for problems Child Psychology - --A field of study
devoted to understanding all aspects of human
growth from conception through adolescence
Why is the fetus so susceptible to teratogens? - -Physical/cognitive/emotional/social
--Undergoing rapid physiologic
development
-Rapid cell division, migration, and differentiation Why is it important to study child psychology? -
-Changing metabolic activity --Basic research interest ~ understanding
-Changes in the hormonal system childhood
-Applied interest (teaching)
-Seeing early detection of deviant development
Why is predicting outcomes of teratogens
difficult? - --Susceptibility depends on
developmental stage at the time of exposure Nature - --Genetic makeup
-Teratogens are likely to affect a specific organ -Influence occurs before we are born
-Individuals vary in their susceptibility to
teratogens
-Susceptibility depends on mother's physiological Nurture - --Environmental experiences
state -Influence occurs before and after birth
-The greater concentration of the teratogen the
greater the risk
-Some teratogens have minimal effect on How can we study influence of nature and
mother, but major effect on the fetus nurture? - --Adoption studies ~ compare
similarity of children to adoptive vs. biological
parents
Categorizing Teratogens - --Substances -Twin studies ~ compare similarity of identical vs.
ingested or inhaled by mother/father prior to fraternal twins
conception
-Diseases in mother
-Stress in mother/father Bringing up Monkey video findings - --
-Excessive exercise, malnutrition, and eating Nervous/reactive monkeys go to foster moms
disorders who are relaxed and they become more bold, but
-Age of the mother once mother is taken away, baby is nervous
-Radiation again
-Poverty -Conclusion: both genetics and environment
matter, but disagreement continues about the
, Child Psychology Test Questions and Answers Rated A
importance of each -Apparent discontinuity results from the
accumulation of small changes or depend on how
you're measuring change
Passive Development - --Child is shaped
by external forces
-Example: girls prefer dolls because that's what One course of development or many? - --
they are given or a dad puts his son in football One: laws of development are universal
because he played all his life -Many: context has a profound impact on
development
-Example: almost all children learn to walk
Active Development - --Child (universal), but rate varies among cultures
directs/shapes/controls own development (context)
-Example: kids choose their own toys and after -Current view: children are influenced by
school activities sociocultural context
Some of the most important contributions during Development is: - --Influenced by BOTH
children's first years are: - --Attentional nature and nurture and their interactions
patterns -Bidirectional more and more active with age
-Use of language -More continuous than previously thought
-Emotions -Influenced by context
-Play
How have the views of childhood shifted
Current view on development - -Influence throughout history? - --Medieval times:
is bidirectional and child becomes more and childhood viewed as non-unique and children
more active in own development with age were viewed as mini-adults
-1500's: Protestant Reformation drove harsher
child-rearing practices because kids were born in
Continuity - --Gradual/quantitative change sin
-Age-related changes occur gradually -1600's: preformationism (belief that adultlike
-Example: looking at height growth over one's life capacities are seen in children) children were left
with their 3 year old siblings and often died
-1700's: Industrial Revolution made way for more
Discontinuity - --Abrupt/qualitative change urban living, dropped birth rate, and children died
less. Children were more valued and sent to
-Age-related changes include occasional large
school
shifts so that children of different ages seem
qualitatively different
-Example: looking at height year to year you see
Describe the factors that led to an interest in the
random growth spurts like in puberty
scientific study of children's development in the
19th and 20th centuries - --Darwin's Origin
Current view on whether or not development is of Species book because it recognized that
scientific methods could explain child psych
continuous or discontinuous - --
-William Peyer's wrote the first textbook on child
Developmental change is gradual
psych focusing on the sequences of behavior
