BIOL 2114 CH 18,19,20 Test Questions and All Correct Answers.

List and describe the functions of the three types of blood vessels - Answer Arteries: carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus Capillaries: direct contact with tissue cells; directly serve cellular needs Veins: carry blood toward heart; deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus What is blood pressure a measure of? - Answer The force per unit area exerted on the walls of the blood vessels Systolic vs diastolic pressures - Answer Systolic: pressure extorted in aorta during ventricular contraction Dystolic: lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest What are the normal ranges for blood pressure? - Answer 120/80 List and describe the short term and long-term mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure - Answer Short-term: neural and hormonal controls Long term: renal controls What are functions of angiotensin II? - Answer Stimulus vasoconstriction Hypertensions vs. hypotension - Answer Hypertension: sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher Hypotension: Low blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg Define tissue perfusion - Answer Blood flow through body tissues; involved in: delivery of O2 and nutrients to and removal of wastes from tissue cells gas exchange absorption on nutrients urine formation Describe the pathway of blood flow through a capillary bed - Answer