Chapter 41: Oxygenation
ra ra
MULTIPLE CHOICE ra
1. A nursing attendant is teaching staff about the conduction of the heart. In which order
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will the nursing attendant present the conduction cycle, starting with the first structur e?
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
1. Bundle of His ra ra
2. Purkinje network ra
3. Intraatrial pathways ra
4. Sinoatrial (SA) node ra ra
5. Atrioventricular (AV) node ra ra
a. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ra ra ra ra
b. 4, 3, 5, 1, 2
rarar a
ra ra ra ra
c. 4, 5, 3, 1, 2 ra ra ra ra
d. 5, 3, 4, 2, 1
rarar a
ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ar
ANSWER:-B
The conduction system originates with the SA node, the ―pacemaker‖ of the heart. The elect
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
rical impulses are transmitted through the atria along intraatrial pathways to the AV node. It as
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
sists atrial emptying by delaying the impulse before transmitting it through the Bundle of His
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
and the ventricular Purkinje network.
ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system. T
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
OP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
2. A nursing attendant is teaching the hospital client with mitral valve problems about the v
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
a
lves in the heart. Starting on the right side of the heart, describe the sequence of the blood
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
flo w through these valves.
ra ra ra
1. Mitral
2. Aortic
3. Tricuspid 4. Pulmonic
a. 1, 3, 2, 4 ra ra ra
b. 4, 3, 2, 1
rarar a
ra ra ra
c. 3, 4, 1, 2 ra ra ra
d. 2, 4, 1, 3
rarar a
ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
The blood flows through the valves in the following direction: tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and ao
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
rt ic.
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system. T
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
OP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
,3. A nursing attendant explains the function of the alveoli to a hospital client with resp
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
iratory problems. Which information about the alveoli’s function will the nursing atte
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ndant share with the hospital client ? a. Carries out gas exchange.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Regulates tidal volume. ra ra
c. Produces hemoglobin. ra
d. Stores oxygen. ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
The alveolus is a capillary membrane that allows gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide duri
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
n g respiration. The alveoli do not store oxygen, regulate tidal volume, or produce hemoglobin.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship between ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of respiratory gases.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
4. A nursing attendant auscultates heart sounds. When the nursing attendant hears S2, whi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ch valves is the nursing attendant hearing close? a. Aortic and mitral
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Mitral and tricuspid ra ra
c. Aortic and pulmonic ra ra
d. Mitral and pulmonic ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
As the ventricles empty, the ventricular pressures decrease, allowing closure of the aortic and p
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ulmonic valves, producing the second heart sound, S2. The mitral and tricuspid produce the fi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
rst heart sound, S1. The aortic and mitral do not close at the same time. The mitral and pulmo
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nic do not close at the same time.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
5. The nursing attendant is teaching about the process of exchanging gases through the al
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
veolar capillary membrane. Which term will the nursing attendant use to describe this
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
process?
a. Ventilation
b. Surfactant
c. Perfusion
d. Diffusion
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D ra
Diffusion is the process of gases exchanging across the alveoli and capillaries of body tissues. Ven
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ar
til
ation is the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs. Surfactant is a chemical produced i
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing. Perfusio
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n is the ability of the cardiovascular system to carry oxygenated blood to tissues and return deox
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ygenated blood to the heart. ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship between ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of respiratory gases.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
6. A nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client who was in a motor vehicle accident tha
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
t resulted in cervical trauma to C4. Which assessment is the priority? a. Pulse
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
, b. Respirations
c. Temperature
d. Blood pressure ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra
Respirations and oxygen saturation are the priorities. Cervical trauma at C3 to C5 usually res
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ults in paralysis of the phrenic nerve. When the phrenic nerve is damaged, the diaphragm doe
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
s not descend properly, thus reducing inspiratory lung volumes and causing hypoxemia. Whi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
le pulse and blood pressure are important, respirations are the priority. Temperature is not a hi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
gh priority in this situation.
ra ra ra ra
DIF:Analyze (analysis) ra
OBJ:Identify how to assess for the risk factors affecting a hospital client ’s ox
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ygenation. TOP:Assessment MSC: Management of Care
ra ra ra ra ra
7. The hospital client
ra ra ra
is breathing normally. Which process does the nursing attendant consid
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
er is working properly when the hospital client inspires? a.
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Stimulation of chemical receptors in the aorta ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Reduction of arterial oxygen saturation levels ra ra ra ra ra
c. Requirement of elastic recoil lung properties ra ra ra ra ra
d. Enhancement of accessory muscle usage ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Inspiration is an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta. Reduced arterial
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
oxygen saturation levels indicate hypoxemia, an abnormal finding. Expiration is a passive pro
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
cess that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle wo
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
rk. Prolonged use of the accessory muscles does not promote effective ventilation and causes f
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
atigue.
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship between ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of respiratory gases.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
8. The home health nursing attendant recommends that a hospital client with respirato
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ry problems install a carbon monoxide detector in the home. What is the rationale for t
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
he nursing attendant ’s action?
ar ra ra ra
a. Carbon monoxide detectors are required by law in the home.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Carbon monoxide tightly binds to hemoglobin, causing hypoxia.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
c. Carbon monoxide signals the cerebral cortex to cease ventilations.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen in the body and produces a deadly toxin.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra
Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin; therefore, oxygen is not able to bind to hemog
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
lobin and be transported to tissues, causing hypoxia. A carbon monoxide detector is not require
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
d by law, does not signal the cerebral cortex to cease ventilations, and does not combine with
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
oxygen but with hemoglobin to produce a toxin.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain how clinical judgment is used to identify nursing interventions to promote oxygenation in t
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
he health promotion, acute care, and restorative and continuing care settings.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
TOP:Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
, 9. While performing an assessment, the nursing attendant hears crackles in the hospital clie
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nt ’s lung fields. The nursing attendant also learns that the hospital client is sleeping on th
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
r
ee pillows to help with the difficulty breathing during the night. Which condition will the
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nursing attendant most likely observe written in the hospital client ’s medical record? a.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Atrial fibrillation ra
b. Myocardial ischemia ra
c. Left-sided heart failure ra ra
d. Right-sided heart failure ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
Leftsided heart failure results in pulmonary congestion, the signs and symptoms of which includ
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
e shortness of breath, cough, crackles, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (difficulty breathing
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
when lying flat). Rightsided heart failure is systemic and results in peripheral edema, weight gai
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n, and distended ne
ra ra ra
ck veins. Atrial fibrillation is often described as an irregularly irregular rhythm; rhythm is irre
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
gular because of the multiple pacemaker sites. Myocardial ischemia results when the supply o
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
f blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
demands, producing angina or myocardial infarction. ra ra ra ra ar
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Identify how to assess for the physical manifestations that occur with alterations in oxygenatio
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n.
TOP:Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra
10. A hospital client has experienced a myocardial infarction. On which primary blood vessel
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
will the nursing attendant focus care to reduce ischemia? a. Superior vena cava
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Pulmonary artery ra
c. Coronary artery ra
d. Carotid artery ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
A myocardial infarction is the lack of blood flow due to obstruction to the coronary artery, w
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
hich supplies the heart with blood. The superior vena cava returns blood back to the heart. The
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
pulmonary artery supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The carotid artery supplies blood
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
to the brain. ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship of cardiac output (preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate) to
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
th e process of oxygenation. hypoventilation, and/or hypoxemia.
ar TOP:Planning MSC:
ra ra ra ra ra ra
Physiological Adaptation ra
11. A nursing attendant is teaching a health class about the heart. Which information from the
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
class members indicates teaching by the nursing attendant
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
is successful for the flow of blood through the heart, starting in the right atrium? a.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium
ra ra ra ra ra
b. Left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle ra ra ra ra ra
c. Right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle ra ra ra ra ra
d. Left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
Unoxygenated blood flows through the venae cavae into the right atrium, where it is pumped do ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
wn to the right ventricle; the blood is then pumped out the pulmonary artery and is returned oxy
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ra ra
MULTIPLE CHOICE ra
1. A nursing attendant is teaching staff about the conduction of the heart. In which order
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
will the nursing attendant present the conduction cycle, starting with the first structur e?
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
1. Bundle of His ra ra
2. Purkinje network ra
3. Intraatrial pathways ra
4. Sinoatrial (SA) node ra ra
5. Atrioventricular (AV) node ra ra
a. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ra ra ra ra
b. 4, 3, 5, 1, 2
rarar a
ra ra ra ra
c. 4, 5, 3, 1, 2 ra ra ra ra
d. 5, 3, 4, 2, 1
rarar a
ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ar
ANSWER:-B
The conduction system originates with the SA node, the ―pacemaker‖ of the heart. The elect
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
rical impulses are transmitted through the atria along intraatrial pathways to the AV node. It as
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
sists atrial emptying by delaying the impulse before transmitting it through the Bundle of His
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
and the ventricular Purkinje network.
ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system. T
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
OP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
2. A nursing attendant is teaching the hospital client with mitral valve problems about the v
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
a
lves in the heart. Starting on the right side of the heart, describe the sequence of the blood
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
flo w through these valves.
ra ra ra
1. Mitral
2. Aortic
3. Tricuspid 4. Pulmonic
a. 1, 3, 2, 4 ra ra ra
b. 4, 3, 2, 1
rarar a
ra ra ra
c. 3, 4, 1, 2 ra ra ra
d. 2, 4, 1, 3
rarar a
ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
The blood flows through the valves in the following direction: tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and ao
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
rt ic.
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system. T
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
OP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
,3. A nursing attendant explains the function of the alveoli to a hospital client with resp
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
iratory problems. Which information about the alveoli’s function will the nursing atte
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ndant share with the hospital client ? a. Carries out gas exchange.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Regulates tidal volume. ra ra
c. Produces hemoglobin. ra
d. Stores oxygen. ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
The alveolus is a capillary membrane that allows gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide duri
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
n g respiration. The alveoli do not store oxygen, regulate tidal volume, or produce hemoglobin.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship between ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of respiratory gases.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
4. A nursing attendant auscultates heart sounds. When the nursing attendant hears S2, whi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ch valves is the nursing attendant hearing close? a. Aortic and mitral
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Mitral and tricuspid ra ra
c. Aortic and pulmonic ra ra
d. Mitral and pulmonic ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
As the ventricles empty, the ventricular pressures decrease, allowing closure of the aortic and p
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ulmonic valves, producing the second heart sound, S2. The mitral and tricuspid produce the fi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
rst heart sound, S1. The aortic and mitral do not close at the same time. The mitral and pulmo
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nic do not close at the same time.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
5. The nursing attendant is teaching about the process of exchanging gases through the al
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
veolar capillary membrane. Which term will the nursing attendant use to describe this
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
process?
a. Ventilation
b. Surfactant
c. Perfusion
d. Diffusion
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D ra
Diffusion is the process of gases exchanging across the alveoli and capillaries of body tissues. Ven
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ar
til
ation is the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs. Surfactant is a chemical produced i
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing. Perfusio
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n is the ability of the cardiovascular system to carry oxygenated blood to tissues and return deox
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ygenated blood to the heart. ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship between ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of respiratory gases.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
6. A nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client who was in a motor vehicle accident tha
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
t resulted in cervical trauma to C4. Which assessment is the priority? a. Pulse
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
, b. Respirations
c. Temperature
d. Blood pressure ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra
Respirations and oxygen saturation are the priorities. Cervical trauma at C3 to C5 usually res
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ults in paralysis of the phrenic nerve. When the phrenic nerve is damaged, the diaphragm doe
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
s not descend properly, thus reducing inspiratory lung volumes and causing hypoxemia. Whi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
le pulse and blood pressure are important, respirations are the priority. Temperature is not a hi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
gh priority in this situation.
ra ra ra ra
DIF:Analyze (analysis) ra
OBJ:Identify how to assess for the risk factors affecting a hospital client ’s ox
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
ygenation. TOP:Assessment MSC: Management of Care
ra ra ra ra ra
7. The hospital client
ra ra ra
is breathing normally. Which process does the nursing attendant consid
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
er is working properly when the hospital client inspires? a.
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Stimulation of chemical receptors in the aorta ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Reduction of arterial oxygen saturation levels ra ra ra ra ra
c. Requirement of elastic recoil lung properties ra ra ra ra ra
d. Enhancement of accessory muscle usage ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Inspiration is an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta. Reduced arterial
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
oxygen saturation levels indicate hypoxemia, an abnormal finding. Expiration is a passive pro
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
cess that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle wo
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
rk. Prolonged use of the accessory muscles does not promote effective ventilation and causes f
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
atigue.
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship between ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of respiratory gases.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
8. The home health nursing attendant recommends that a hospital client with respirato
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ry problems install a carbon monoxide detector in the home. What is the rationale for t
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
he nursing attendant ’s action?
ar ra ra ra
a. Carbon monoxide detectors are required by law in the home.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Carbon monoxide tightly binds to hemoglobin, causing hypoxia.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
c. Carbon monoxide signals the cerebral cortex to cease ventilations.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen in the body and produces a deadly toxin.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra
Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin; therefore, oxygen is not able to bind to hemog
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
lobin and be transported to tissues, causing hypoxia. A carbon monoxide detector is not require
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
d by law, does not signal the cerebral cortex to cease ventilations, and does not combine with
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
oxygen but with hemoglobin to produce a toxin.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain how clinical judgment is used to identify nursing interventions to promote oxygenation in t
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
he health promotion, acute care, and restorative and continuing care settings.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
TOP:Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
, 9. While performing an assessment, the nursing attendant hears crackles in the hospital clie
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nt ’s lung fields. The nursing attendant also learns that the hospital client is sleeping on th
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
r
ee pillows to help with the difficulty breathing during the night. Which condition will the
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nursing attendant most likely observe written in the hospital client ’s medical record? a.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Atrial fibrillation ra
b. Myocardial ischemia ra
c. Left-sided heart failure ra ra
d. Right-sided heart failure ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
Leftsided heart failure results in pulmonary congestion, the signs and symptoms of which includ
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
e shortness of breath, cough, crackles, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (difficulty breathing
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
when lying flat). Rightsided heart failure is systemic and results in peripheral edema, weight gai
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n, and distended ne
ra ra ra
ck veins. Atrial fibrillation is often described as an irregularly irregular rhythm; rhythm is irre
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
gular because of the multiple pacemaker sites. Myocardial ischemia results when the supply o
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
f blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
demands, producing angina or myocardial infarction. ra ra ra ra ar
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Identify how to assess for the physical manifestations that occur with alterations in oxygenatio
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n.
TOP:Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra
10. A hospital client has experienced a myocardial infarction. On which primary blood vessel
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
will the nursing attendant focus care to reduce ischemia? a. Superior vena cava
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Pulmonary artery ra
c. Coronary artery ra
d. Carotid artery ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
A myocardial infarction is the lack of blood flow due to obstruction to the coronary artery, w
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
hich supplies the heart with blood. The superior vena cava returns blood back to the heart. The
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
pulmonary artery supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The carotid artery supplies blood
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
to the brain. ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Explain the relationship of cardiac output (preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate) to
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
th e process of oxygenation. hypoventilation, and/or hypoxemia.
ar TOP:Planning MSC:
ra ra ra ra ra ra
Physiological Adaptation ra
11. A nursing attendant is teaching a health class about the heart. Which information from the
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
class members indicates teaching by the nursing attendant
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
is successful for the flow of blood through the heart, starting in the right atrium? a.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium
ra ra ra ra ra
b. Left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle ra ra ra ra ra
c. Right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle ra ra ra ra ra
d. Left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
Unoxygenated blood flows through the venae cavae into the right atrium, where it is pumped do ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
wn to the right ventricle; the blood is then pumped out the pulmonary artery and is returned oxy
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
