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Chapter 40 Hygiene-Fundamentals of Nursing

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Chapter 40 Hygiene-Fundamentals of Nursing

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Chapter 40: Hygiene ra ra




MULTIPLE CHOICE ra




1.
A nursing attendant is preparing to provide hygiene care. Which principle should the nurs
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in g attendant consider when planning hygiene care? a. ar ra ra ra ra ra



Hygiene care is always routine and expected.ra ra ra ra ra ra




b. No two individuals perform hygiene in the same manner.
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c. It is important to standardize a hospital client ’s hygienic practices.
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d. During hygiene care do not take the time to learn about hospital client needs.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra



No two individuals perform hygiene in the same manner; it is important to individualize the
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hospital client ’s care based on knowing about the hospital client ’s unique hygiene practices a
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nd preferences. Hygiene care is never routine; this care requires intimate contact with the hos
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pital client and communication skills to promote the therapeutic relationship. In addition, duri
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ng hygiene, the nursing attendant should take time to learn about the hospital client ’s health
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promotion practices and needs, emotional needs, and health care education needs.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra



OBJ:Outline factors that influence personal hygiene practices. ra ra ra ra ra ra



TOP:Planning ar



MSC: Basic Care and Comfort ra ra ra ra




2. A hospital client ’s hygiene schedule of bathing and brushing teeth is largely influenced b
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y family customs. For which age group is the nursing attendant most likely providing c
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are?
a. Adolescent
b. Preschooler
c. Older adult ra




d. Adult
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra



Family customs play a major role during childhood in determining hygiene practices such as t
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he frequency of bathing, the time of day bathing is performed, and even whether certain hygie
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ne practices such as brushing of the teeth or flossing are performed. As children enter adolesc
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ence, peer groups and media often influence hygiene practices. During the adult years involvem
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ent with friends and work groups shape the expectations that people have about personal ap
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pearance. Some older adults’ hygiene practices change because of changes in living conditions
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and available resources.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra



OBJ:Outline factors that influence personal hygiene practices. ra ra ra ra ra ra



TOP:Implementatio n MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ar ra ra ra ra




3. The hospital client has been diagnosed with diabetes. When admitted, the hospital client is
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unkempt and is in need of a bath and foot care. When questioned about hygiene habits, the n
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, ursing attendant learns the hospital client takes a bath once a week and a sponge bath every
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other day. To provide ultimate care for this hospital client , which principle should the nursi
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ng attendant keep in mind?
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a. Hospital client s who appear unkempt place little importance on hygiene practices.
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b. Personal preferences determine hygiene practices and are unchangeable. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra




c. The hospital client ’s illness may require teaching of new hygiene practices.
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d. All cultures value cleanliness with the same degree of importance.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra



The nursing attendant must assist the hospital client in developing new hygiene practices w
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hen indicated by an illness or condition. For example, the nursing attendant will need to teac
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h a hospital client with diabetes proper foot hygiene. Hospital client s who appear unkempt o
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ften need further assessment regarding their ability to participate in daily hygiene. Hospital cli
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ent s with certain types of physical limitations or disabilities often lack the physical energy a
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nd dexterity to perform hygienic care. Culturally, maintaining cleanliness does not hold the sa
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me importance for some ethnic groups as it does for others.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra



OBJ:Outline factors that influence personal hygiene practices. ra ra ra ra ra ra



TOP:Planning ar



MSC: Basic Care and Comfort ra ra ra ra




4. The nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client who refuses to bathe in the morning.
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When asked why, the hospital client says, ―I always bathe in the evening.‖ Which actio
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n by the nursing attendant is best?
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a. Defer the bath until evening and pass on the information to the next shift.
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b. Tell the hospital client that daily morning baths are the ―normal‖ routine.
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c. Explain the importance of maintaining morning hygiene practices. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra




d. Cancel hygiene for the day and attempt again in the morning. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra




ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra



Allow the hospital client to follow normal hygiene practices; change the bath to evening. Ho
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spital client s have individual preferences about when to perform hygiene and grooming care.
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Knowing the hospital client ’s personal preferences promotes individualized care for the hos
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pital client . Hygiene care is never routine. Maintaining individual personal preferences is i
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mportant unless new hygiene practices are indicated by an illness or condition. Cancelling
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hygiene and trying again is not an option since the nursing attendant already knows the reas
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on for refusal. Adapting practices to meet individual needs is required.
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DIF:Apply (application) ra



OBJ:Outline factors that influence personal hygiene practices. ra ra ra ra ra ra



TOP:Implementatio n MSC: Basic Care and Comfort ar ra ra ra ra




5. A nursing attendant is completing an assessment of the hospital client . Which princip
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le is a priority?
ra ra




a. Foot care will always be important. ra ra ra ra ra




b. Daily bathing will always be important. ra ra ra ra ra




c. Hygiene needs will always be important. ra ra ra ra ra




d. Critical thinking will always be important. ra ra ra ra ra




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D ra

, A hospital client ’s condition is always changing, requiring ongoing critical thinking and cha
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nging of nursing diagnoses. Apply the elements of critical thinking as you use the nursing proc
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ess to meet hospital client s’ hygiene needs. Critical thinking will help you determine when fo
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ot care, daily bathing, and hygiene needs are important and when they are not.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra



OBJ:Discuss how a nursing attendant applies critical thinking whe ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra



n providing hygiene. TOP:Planning
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6. When providing hygiene for an olderadult hospital client , the nursing attendant closel
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y assesses the skin. What is the ration ale for the nursing attendant ’s action?
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a. Outer skin layer becomes more resilient. ra ra ra ra ra




b. Less frequent bathing may be required. ra ra ra ra ra




c. Skin becomes less subject to bruising. ra ra ra ra ra




d. Sweat glands become more active. ra ra ra ra




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra



In older adults, daily bathing as well as bathing with water that is too hot or soap that is hars
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h causes the skin to become excessively dry. As the hospital client ages, the skin thins and los
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es its resiliency and moisture, and lubricating skin glands become less active, making the ski
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n fragile and prone to bruising and breaking.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra



OBJ:Assess a hospital client ’s total ra ra ra ra ra ar



hygiene needs. TOP:Planning ra ra MSC: Basic Care and Comfort ra ra ra ra




7. The nursing attendant is bathing a hospital client and notices movement in the hospit
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al ar client ’s hair. Which action will the nursing attendant take? a. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra



Use gloves to inspect the hair.
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b. Apply a lindane-based shampoo immediately. ra ra ra ra




c. Shave the hair off of the hospital client ’s head. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra




d. Ignore the movement and continue. ra ra ra ra




ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra



In community health and home care settings, it is particularly important to inspect the hair for
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lice so appropriate hygienic treatment can be provided. If pediculosis capitis (head lice) is su
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spected, the nursing attendant must protect self against selfinfestations by handwashing and by
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using gloves or tongue blades to inspect the hospital clie
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nt ’s hair. Suspicions cannot be ignored. Shaving hair off affected areas is the treatment for pe
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diculosis pubis (crab lice) and is rarely used for head lice. Caution against use of products co
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ntaining lindane because the ingredient is toxic and known to cause adverse reactions.
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DIF:Apply (application) ra



OBJ:Assess a hospital client ’s total ra ra ra ra ra ar



hygiene needs. TOP:Implementation ra ra MSC: Basic Care and Comfort ra ra ra




8. The hospital client has been brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle
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accident. The hospital client is unresponsive. The driver’s license states that glasses are need
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ed to operate a motor vehicle, but no glasses were brought in with the hospital client . Whic
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h action should the nursing attendant take next?
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a. Stand to the side of the hospital client ’s eye and observe the cornea.
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b. Conclude that the glasses were lost during the accident. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra




c. Notify the ambulance personnel for missing glasses. ra ra ra ra ra ra

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