NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 2026 Questions
and Answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - Correct answer-can use urine, saliva, or
serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies,
>99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - Correct answer-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - Correct answer-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - Correct answer-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-
inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,Leukotrines - Correct answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - Correct answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at
site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - Correct answer-Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - Correct answer-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - Correct answer-Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity
and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - Correct answer-Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - Correct answer-Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
, Cytokine TNF function - Correct answer-Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - Correct answer-Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
Complement - Correct answer-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - Correct answer-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - Correct answer-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to
form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - Correct answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - Correct answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for
pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - Correct answer-Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for
Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
and Answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - Correct answer-can use urine, saliva, or
serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies,
>99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - Correct answer-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - Correct answer-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - Correct answer-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-
inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,Leukotrines - Correct answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - Correct answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at
site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - Correct answer-Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - Correct answer-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - Correct answer-Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity
and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - Correct answer-Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - Correct answer-Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
, Cytokine TNF function - Correct answer-Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - Correct answer-Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
Complement - Correct answer-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - Correct answer-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - Correct answer-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to
form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - Correct answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - Correct answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for
pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - Correct answer-Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for
Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
