Microbiology Chapters 1-6: Test #1
with correct answers 100% 2025
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - Correct Answer -Began making and looking through simple microscopes
-Often made a new microscope for each specimen
-Examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single celled protozoa; "animalcules"
-By end of 19th Century, these organisms were called microorganisms
Fungi - Correct Answer -Eukaryotic (have membrane bound nucleus)
-Obtain food from other organisms
-Posses cell walls
-Composed of: molds and yeasts
Molds - Correct Answer -multicellular
-have hyphae
-reproduce by sexual and asexual spores
Yeasts - Correct Answer -unicellular
-reproduce sexually by budding
-some produce sexual spores
Protozoa - Correct Answer -Single-celled eukaryotes
-similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure
-typically live freely in water, some live inside animals hosts
-most reproduce asexually, some produce sexually
-most are capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cilia, flagella
pseudopodia - Correct Answer cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
,cilia - Correct Answer -numerous, short, hairlike protrusions that propel organisms through environment
In Eukaryotes: shorter and more numerous than flagella, composed of tubulin arrangements, may be
single or multiple, generally found at one pole of cell, undulate
flagella - Correct Answer -extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia
-extend beyond cell surface
-Not all prokaryotes have them
-responsible for movement,
algae - Correct Answer -unicellular or multicellular
-photosynthetic
-simple reproductive structures
-categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
Prokaryotes - Correct Answer -unicellular and lack nuclei
-much smaller than eukaryotes
-lack organelles
-small, simple structure
-Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some found in extreme environments
-reproduce asexually
-two kinds: bacteria and archea)
-helminths, viruses
Bacteria - Correct Answer -cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-some lack cell walls
-most do not cause disease and some are beneficial
Archaea - Correct Answer cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan
, Microbes in your life - Correct Answer -disease
-normal flora
-food (production, spoilage)
-environmental roles(basis of marine and freshwater food chains, recycling of chemical elements in the
biosphere)
-industrial uses (production of antimicrobials, enzymes, dyes, organic acids)
-genetic engineering
Normal Flora - Correct Answer Normal inhabitants of ourselves and our surroundings. Often unnoted,
often helpful
Pasteur - Correct Answer -developed germ theory of disease
-discovered that alcoholic fermentation was a biologically mediated process
-Disproved theory of spontaneous generation
-Developed vaccines for anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies
-Experimented with pasteurization
Robert Koch - Correct Answer -studied causative agents of disease of anthrax and tuberculosis
-examined colonies of microorganisms
-demonstrated link between microbes and infectious diseases
-developed techniques for obtaining pure cultures of microbes
-Awarded nobel prize for physiology and medicine
-Koch's postulates
Koch's Postulates - Correct Answer -Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the
disease and be absent from healthy hosts
-Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
-When agent is introduced into a healthy host, the host must get the disease
-same agent must be preisolated from diseased experimental host
with correct answers 100% 2025
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - Correct Answer -Began making and looking through simple microscopes
-Often made a new microscope for each specimen
-Examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single celled protozoa; "animalcules"
-By end of 19th Century, these organisms were called microorganisms
Fungi - Correct Answer -Eukaryotic (have membrane bound nucleus)
-Obtain food from other organisms
-Posses cell walls
-Composed of: molds and yeasts
Molds - Correct Answer -multicellular
-have hyphae
-reproduce by sexual and asexual spores
Yeasts - Correct Answer -unicellular
-reproduce sexually by budding
-some produce sexual spores
Protozoa - Correct Answer -Single-celled eukaryotes
-similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure
-typically live freely in water, some live inside animals hosts
-most reproduce asexually, some produce sexually
-most are capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cilia, flagella
pseudopodia - Correct Answer cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
,cilia - Correct Answer -numerous, short, hairlike protrusions that propel organisms through environment
In Eukaryotes: shorter and more numerous than flagella, composed of tubulin arrangements, may be
single or multiple, generally found at one pole of cell, undulate
flagella - Correct Answer -extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia
-extend beyond cell surface
-Not all prokaryotes have them
-responsible for movement,
algae - Correct Answer -unicellular or multicellular
-photosynthetic
-simple reproductive structures
-categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
Prokaryotes - Correct Answer -unicellular and lack nuclei
-much smaller than eukaryotes
-lack organelles
-small, simple structure
-Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some found in extreme environments
-reproduce asexually
-two kinds: bacteria and archea)
-helminths, viruses
Bacteria - Correct Answer -cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-some lack cell walls
-most do not cause disease and some are beneficial
Archaea - Correct Answer cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan
, Microbes in your life - Correct Answer -disease
-normal flora
-food (production, spoilage)
-environmental roles(basis of marine and freshwater food chains, recycling of chemical elements in the
biosphere)
-industrial uses (production of antimicrobials, enzymes, dyes, organic acids)
-genetic engineering
Normal Flora - Correct Answer Normal inhabitants of ourselves and our surroundings. Often unnoted,
often helpful
Pasteur - Correct Answer -developed germ theory of disease
-discovered that alcoholic fermentation was a biologically mediated process
-Disproved theory of spontaneous generation
-Developed vaccines for anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies
-Experimented with pasteurization
Robert Koch - Correct Answer -studied causative agents of disease of anthrax and tuberculosis
-examined colonies of microorganisms
-demonstrated link between microbes and infectious diseases
-developed techniques for obtaining pure cultures of microbes
-Awarded nobel prize for physiology and medicine
-Koch's postulates
Koch's Postulates - Correct Answer -Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the
disease and be absent from healthy hosts
-Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
-When agent is introduced into a healthy host, the host must get the disease
-same agent must be preisolated from diseased experimental host
