NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM BANK 2026 |
ACCURATE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES AND A STUDY GUIDE |
LATEST UPDATE
1. A patient was diagnosed HIV positive several years ago. Which test best determines stage and
severity of disease?
A. Viral culture
B. CD4+ cell count
C. HIV IgM titer
D. HIV ELISA
Correct Answer: B. CD4+ cell count
Rationale: CD4 count reflects immune function and is the key marker for HIV progression.
2. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against fetal antigens, which reaction
occurs?
A. Autoimmune
B. Alloimmune
C. Type IV hypersensitivity
D. Anaphylactic
Correct Answer: B. Alloimmune
Rationale: Alloimmunity occurs when the immune system reacts to antigens from a different
individual of the same species (e.g., fetus).
3. A 10-year-old stung by a bee develops itching, swelling, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis?
A. Serum sickness
B. Anaphylaxis
C. Atopic dermatitis
D. Urticaria only
,Correct Answer: B. Anaphylaxis
Rationale: Rapid systemic reaction to allergen with airway compromise defines anaphylaxis.
4. The most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
A. Localized rash
B. Anaphylaxis
C. Delayed hypersensitivity
D. Mild urticaria
Correct Answer: B. Anaphylaxis
Rationale: Systemic histamine release can cause shock and airway obstruction.
5. An example of an immune-complex–mediated disease is:
A. Asthma
B. Serum sickness
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Correct Answer: B. Serum sickness
Rationale: Type III reactions involve immune-complex deposition, as in serum sickness.
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is best described as:
A. Alloimmune
B. Autoimmune
C. Type I allergy
D. Immunodeficiency
Correct Answer: B. Autoimmune
Rationale: Loss of tolerance to self-antigens causes autoimmunity.
7. Classic SLE findings include anemia, lymphopenia, kidney inflammation, and:
A. Autoantibodies
B. Low TSH
C. Elevated cortisol
D. Hypercalcemia
, Correct Answer: A. Autoantibodies
Rationale: ANA and other autoantibodies drive the disease.
8. A hallmark symptom of SLE is:
A. Photosensitivity with malar rash
B. Petechiae
C. Oral candidiasis
D. Goiter
Correct Answer: A. Photosensitivity with malar rash
Rationale: Butterfly rash on cheeks is classic.
9. An attenuated vaccine contains antigen that is:
A. Killed
B. Subunit only
C. Alive but less infectious
D. Recombinant DNA only
Correct Answer: C. Alive but less infectious
Rationale: Live attenuated organisms stimulate immunity with minimal pathogenicity.
10. Endotoxins are produced by:
A. Gram-positive bacteria
B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Parasites
Correct Answer: B. Gram-negative bacteria
Rationale: Endotoxin is lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative cell walls.
11. Endotoxic shock is most often caused by infection with:
A. Viruses
B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Gram-positive cocci
D. Fungi
ACCURATE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES AND A STUDY GUIDE |
LATEST UPDATE
1. A patient was diagnosed HIV positive several years ago. Which test best determines stage and
severity of disease?
A. Viral culture
B. CD4+ cell count
C. HIV IgM titer
D. HIV ELISA
Correct Answer: B. CD4+ cell count
Rationale: CD4 count reflects immune function and is the key marker for HIV progression.
2. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against fetal antigens, which reaction
occurs?
A. Autoimmune
B. Alloimmune
C. Type IV hypersensitivity
D. Anaphylactic
Correct Answer: B. Alloimmune
Rationale: Alloimmunity occurs when the immune system reacts to antigens from a different
individual of the same species (e.g., fetus).
3. A 10-year-old stung by a bee develops itching, swelling, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis?
A. Serum sickness
B. Anaphylaxis
C. Atopic dermatitis
D. Urticaria only
,Correct Answer: B. Anaphylaxis
Rationale: Rapid systemic reaction to allergen with airway compromise defines anaphylaxis.
4. The most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
A. Localized rash
B. Anaphylaxis
C. Delayed hypersensitivity
D. Mild urticaria
Correct Answer: B. Anaphylaxis
Rationale: Systemic histamine release can cause shock and airway obstruction.
5. An example of an immune-complex–mediated disease is:
A. Asthma
B. Serum sickness
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Correct Answer: B. Serum sickness
Rationale: Type III reactions involve immune-complex deposition, as in serum sickness.
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is best described as:
A. Alloimmune
B. Autoimmune
C. Type I allergy
D. Immunodeficiency
Correct Answer: B. Autoimmune
Rationale: Loss of tolerance to self-antigens causes autoimmunity.
7. Classic SLE findings include anemia, lymphopenia, kidney inflammation, and:
A. Autoantibodies
B. Low TSH
C. Elevated cortisol
D. Hypercalcemia
, Correct Answer: A. Autoantibodies
Rationale: ANA and other autoantibodies drive the disease.
8. A hallmark symptom of SLE is:
A. Photosensitivity with malar rash
B. Petechiae
C. Oral candidiasis
D. Goiter
Correct Answer: A. Photosensitivity with malar rash
Rationale: Butterfly rash on cheeks is classic.
9. An attenuated vaccine contains antigen that is:
A. Killed
B. Subunit only
C. Alive but less infectious
D. Recombinant DNA only
Correct Answer: C. Alive but less infectious
Rationale: Live attenuated organisms stimulate immunity with minimal pathogenicity.
10. Endotoxins are produced by:
A. Gram-positive bacteria
B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Parasites
Correct Answer: B. Gram-negative bacteria
Rationale: Endotoxin is lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative cell walls.
11. Endotoxic shock is most often caused by infection with:
A. Viruses
B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Gram-positive cocci
D. Fungi
