Consumer behavior - Answers a set of value-seeking activities that take place as people go
about addressing their real needs
want - Answers a specific desire representing a way a consumer may go about addressing a
recognized need
Exchange - Answers the acting out of the decision to give something up in return for something
perceived to be of greater value
Costs - Answers the negative results of consumption experiences
Benefits - Answers the positive results of consumption experiences
Consumption - Answers the process by which consumers use and transform goods, services, or
ideas into value
Consumer behavior as a field study - Answers the study of consumers as they go about the
consumption process; the science of studying how consumers seek value in an effort to
address real needs
Economics - Answers is the study of production and consumption
Psychology - Answers the study of human reactions to their environment
Social psychology - Answers the study that focuses on the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that people have as they interact with other people
Cognitive psychology - Answers the study of the intricacies of mental reactions involved in
information processing
Neuroscience - Answers the study of the central nervous system including brain mechanisms
associated with emotion
Marketing - Answers the multitude of value-producing seller activities that facilitate exchanges
between buyers and sellers, including production, pricing, promotion, distribution, and retailing
Sociology - Answers the study of groups of people within a society, such as consumption that
takes place within group settings or is affected by group behavior
Anthropology - Answers the field of study involving interpretation of relationships between
consumers and the things they purchase, the products they own, and the activities in which they
participate
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Answers a regulation aimed at protecting
European consumers' privacy, including a "right to be forgotten" requiring erasure of personal
,data.
Consumer(customer) Orientation - Answers the way of doing business in which the actions and
decision making of the institution prioritize consumer value and satisfaction above all other
concerns
Market orientation - Answers an organizational culture that embodies the importance of
creating value for customers among all employees
Stakeholder marketing - Answers an orientation in which firms recognize that more than just the
buyer and seller are involved in the marketing process, and a host of primary and secondary
entities affect and are affected by the value creation process
Relationship marketing - Answers the activities based on the belief that the firm's performance
is enhanced through repeat business
Touchpoints - Answers the direct contacts between the firm and a customer
Resource-advantage theory - Answers a theory that explains why companies succeed or fail; the
firm goes about obtaining resources from consumers in return for the value the resources
create
Attribute - Answers a part, or tangible feature, of a product that potentially delivers a benefit of
consumption
Product - Answers a potentially valuable bundle of benefits
Undifferentiated Marketing - Answers a type of marketing wherein the same basic product is
offered to all customers
Production orientation - Answers an approach where innovation is geared primarily toward
making the production process as efficient and economical as possible
Differentiated marketers - Answers the firms that serve multiple market segments, each with a
unique product offering
One-to-one marketing - Answers a type of marketing wherein a different product is offered for
each individual customer so that each customer is treated as a segment of one
Niche marketing - Answers a plan wherein a firm specializes in serving one market segment
with particularly unique demand characteristics
Interpretive research - Answers the approach that seeks to explain the inner meanings and
motivations associated with specific consumption experiences
Qualitative research tools - Answers the means for gathering data in a relatively unstructured
and non-quantified way, including case analysis, clinical interviews, and focus group interviews
, Researcher dependent - Answers the data that requires a researcher's subjective opinion to
interpret a meaning
Phenomenology - Answers the qualitative approach to studying consumers that relies on
interpretation of the lived experience associated with some aspect of consumption
Ethnography - Answers the qualitative approach to studying consumers that relies on
interpretation of artifacts to draw conclusions about consumption
Netnography - Answers a branch of ethnography that studies the behavior of online cultures and
communities
Quantitative research - Answers the approach that addresses questions about consumer
behavior using numerical measurement and analysis tools
Big data - Answers a term used to represent the massive amounts of data available to
companies, which can potentially be used to predict customer behaviors
Predictive analytics - Answers the application of statistical tools in an effort to discover patterns
in data that allow prediction of consumer behavior the application of statistical tools in an effort
to discover patterns in data that allow prediction of consumer behavior
Internet of things - Answers the automatic recording of data from everyday products that signal
consumers patterns of behavior
Machine learning - Answers the application of artificial intelligence to automate tasks otherwise
performed by humans
Sharing economy - Answers the global consumer trend toward rental (temporary usage for hire)
rather than ownership or rather than doing a task yourself
Collaborative Consumption - Answers the term used for a rental transaction activity that is
consumer to consumer, rather than business to consumer or business to business
Consumer Value Framework (CVF) - Answers consumer behavior theory that illustrates factors
that shape consumption-related behaviors and ultimately determine the value associated with
consumption
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - Answers a systematic information management
system that collects, maintains, and reports detailed information about customers to enable a
more customer-oriented managerial approach
Relationship quality - Answers the degree of connectedness between a consumer and a retailer,
brand, or service provider
Service - Answers an organization's efforts and resources applied toward value creation