UNIVERSITY OF IOWA:
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY, EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
,Fluid Compartments - ANSWERS-Intersticial
-Plasma
-Intercellular
Extracellular Environment - ANSWERSConsists of:
-Fluid
-Matrix of polysaccharides and proteins
Connective Tissue - ANSWERSTissue that has the most extracellular matrix
Protein Fibers - ANSWERS-Collagen
-Elastin
-Reticular
Ground substance - ANSWERS-Gelatinous
-Fills spaces in between cells
-Proteoglycans
Plasma Membrane Structure - ANSWERSPhospholipid bilayer
Plasma Membrane - ANSWERSSelectively permeable to small, non polar molecules
Transport - ANSWERSCells needed to take materials in and out.
Non carrier mediated - ANSWERS-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Water
No helper - ANSWERSNon-carrier mediated transport
Diffusion - ANSWERSMovement of particles in a solution due to random thermal
motion; Lipid soluble and Ions
Carrier mediated transport - ANSWERS-Facilitated transport
-Active transport
Needs help - ANSWERSCarrier mediated transport
Characteristics of Diffusion - ANSWERS-Passive
-Random
-Does not need carrier
-Movement from high to low concentration
, Diffusion - ANSWERSExample: Exchange of oxygen in lungs
Non polar - ANSWERSThese molecules diffuse through the membrane easily.
Concentration gradient - ANSWERSThe difference in the concentration of a substance
between two locations.
Net Diffusion - ANSWERS"Down" a concentration gradient; high to low; left to right
No - ANSWERSNet diffusion continues until there is ____ difference in concentration.
Ion - ANSWERSPolar; needs to go through a channel to diffuse through membrane
Types of channels - ANSWERSOpen and Gated
Warm - ANSWERSTemperature that makes the rate of diffusion increase .
Cold - ANSWERSTemperature that makes the rate of diffusion decrease.
Factors affecting rate of diffusion - ANSWERS-Magnitude of the concentration gradient
-Permeability of the membrane to the substance
-Surface area of the membrane across which diffusion is taking place
-Temperature of solution
Osmosis - ANSWERSDiffusion of water
Osmolarity - ANSWERS-The number of total solute particles per liter of solution
-Some solutions may have multiple kinds of solute
-Net diffusion of water will occur from the solution with the lower osmolarity to the one
with the hight osmolarity
Net diffusion - ANSWERS__________ ___________ of water down its own
concentration gradient.
Osmotic Pressure - ANSWERSDriving force that water wants to move with.
Higher - ANSWERSWater moves to areas of ______ osmolarity.
Tonicity - ANSWERSEffect of solute concentration on the osmosis of water; determines
whether cell remains same size, swells, or shrinks when a solution surrounds the cell
Hypertonic solution - ANSWERSCell Shrinks
Hypotonic solution - ANSWERSCell swells
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY, EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
,Fluid Compartments - ANSWERS-Intersticial
-Plasma
-Intercellular
Extracellular Environment - ANSWERSConsists of:
-Fluid
-Matrix of polysaccharides and proteins
Connective Tissue - ANSWERSTissue that has the most extracellular matrix
Protein Fibers - ANSWERS-Collagen
-Elastin
-Reticular
Ground substance - ANSWERS-Gelatinous
-Fills spaces in between cells
-Proteoglycans
Plasma Membrane Structure - ANSWERSPhospholipid bilayer
Plasma Membrane - ANSWERSSelectively permeable to small, non polar molecules
Transport - ANSWERSCells needed to take materials in and out.
Non carrier mediated - ANSWERS-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Water
No helper - ANSWERSNon-carrier mediated transport
Diffusion - ANSWERSMovement of particles in a solution due to random thermal
motion; Lipid soluble and Ions
Carrier mediated transport - ANSWERS-Facilitated transport
-Active transport
Needs help - ANSWERSCarrier mediated transport
Characteristics of Diffusion - ANSWERS-Passive
-Random
-Does not need carrier
-Movement from high to low concentration
, Diffusion - ANSWERSExample: Exchange of oxygen in lungs
Non polar - ANSWERSThese molecules diffuse through the membrane easily.
Concentration gradient - ANSWERSThe difference in the concentration of a substance
between two locations.
Net Diffusion - ANSWERS"Down" a concentration gradient; high to low; left to right
No - ANSWERSNet diffusion continues until there is ____ difference in concentration.
Ion - ANSWERSPolar; needs to go through a channel to diffuse through membrane
Types of channels - ANSWERSOpen and Gated
Warm - ANSWERSTemperature that makes the rate of diffusion increase .
Cold - ANSWERSTemperature that makes the rate of diffusion decrease.
Factors affecting rate of diffusion - ANSWERS-Magnitude of the concentration gradient
-Permeability of the membrane to the substance
-Surface area of the membrane across which diffusion is taking place
-Temperature of solution
Osmosis - ANSWERSDiffusion of water
Osmolarity - ANSWERS-The number of total solute particles per liter of solution
-Some solutions may have multiple kinds of solute
-Net diffusion of water will occur from the solution with the lower osmolarity to the one
with the hight osmolarity
Net diffusion - ANSWERS__________ ___________ of water down its own
concentration gradient.
Osmotic Pressure - ANSWERSDriving force that water wants to move with.
Higher - ANSWERSWater moves to areas of ______ osmolarity.
Tonicity - ANSWERSEffect of solute concentration on the osmosis of water; determines
whether cell remains same size, swells, or shrinks when a solution surrounds the cell
Hypertonic solution - ANSWERSCell Shrinks
Hypotonic solution - ANSWERSCell swells
