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HESI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR EXIT
EXAM LATEST 2025/ 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) WITH
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||NEWEST EXAM!!!||
The nurse is planning to administer hydrochlorothiazide to
a client. The nurse understands that which is a concern
related to the administration of this medication?
a) Hypouricemia, hyperkalemia
b) Increased risk of osteoporosis
c) Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy
d) Hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, penicillin allergy -
Answer-c) Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
are sulfa-based medications, and a client with a sulfa
allergy is at risk for an allergic reaction. Also, clients are at
risk for hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia,
hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia.
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The nurse is monitoring a client who is taking digoxin
(Lanoxin) for adverse effects. Which findings are
characteristic of digoxin toxicity? Select all that apply.
1. Tremors
2. Diarrhea
3. Irritability
4. Blurred vision
5. Nausea and vomiting - Answer-2. Diarrhea
4. Blurred vision
5. Nausea and vomiting
Rationale: Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside. The
risk of toxicity can occur with the use of this medication.
Toxicity can lead to life-threatening events and the nurse
needs to monitor the client closely for signs of toxicity.
Early signs of toxicity include gastrointestinal
manifestations such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea. Subsequent manifestations include headache;
visual disturbances such as diplopia, blurred vision,
yellow-green halos, and photophobia; drowsiness; fatigue;
and weakness. Cardiac rhythm abnormalities can also
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occur. The nurse also monitors the digoxin level.
Therapeutic levels for digoxin range from 0.5 to 2 ng/mL.
Prior to administering a client's daily dose of digoxin, the
nurse reviews the client's laboratory data and notes the
following results: serum calcium, 9.8 mg/dL; serum
magnesium, 1.2 mg/dL; serum potassium, 4.1 mEq/L;
serum creatinine, 0.9 mg/dL. Which result should alert the
nurse that the client is at risk for digoxin toxicity?
a) Serum calcium level
b) Serum potassium level
c) Serum creatinine level
d) Serum magnesium level - Answer-4. Serum magnesium
level
Rationale: An increased risk of toxicity exists in clients with
hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia,
hypothyroidism, and impaired renal function. The calcium,
creatinine, and potassium levels are all within normal
limits. The normal range for magnesium is 1.6 to 2.6
mg/dL and the results in the correct option are reflective of
hypomagnesemia.
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A client being treated for heart failure is administered
intravenous bumetanide. Which outcome indicates the
medication has achieved the expected effect?
a) Cough becomes productive of frothy pink sputum
b) The serum potassium level changes from 3.8 to 3.1
mEq/L
c) B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) factor increases from 200 to
262 pg/mL
d) Urine output increases from 10 mL/hour to greater than
50 mL hourly - Answer-d) Urine output increases from 10
mL/hour to greater than 50 mL hourly
Rationale: Bumetanide is a diuretic and expected
outcomes include increased urine output, decreased
crackles, and decreased weight.
A client is prescribed nicotinic acid (niacin) for
hyperlipidemia and the nurse provides instructions to the
client about the medication. Which statement by the client
indicates an understanding of the instructions?
HESI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR EXIT
EXAM LATEST 2025/ 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) WITH
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||NEWEST EXAM!!!||
The nurse is planning to administer hydrochlorothiazide to
a client. The nurse understands that which is a concern
related to the administration of this medication?
a) Hypouricemia, hyperkalemia
b) Increased risk of osteoporosis
c) Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy
d) Hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, penicillin allergy -
Answer-c) Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
are sulfa-based medications, and a client with a sulfa
allergy is at risk for an allergic reaction. Also, clients are at
risk for hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia,
hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia.
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The nurse is monitoring a client who is taking digoxin
(Lanoxin) for adverse effects. Which findings are
characteristic of digoxin toxicity? Select all that apply.
1. Tremors
2. Diarrhea
3. Irritability
4. Blurred vision
5. Nausea and vomiting - Answer-2. Diarrhea
4. Blurred vision
5. Nausea and vomiting
Rationale: Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside. The
risk of toxicity can occur with the use of this medication.
Toxicity can lead to life-threatening events and the nurse
needs to monitor the client closely for signs of toxicity.
Early signs of toxicity include gastrointestinal
manifestations such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea. Subsequent manifestations include headache;
visual disturbances such as diplopia, blurred vision,
yellow-green halos, and photophobia; drowsiness; fatigue;
and weakness. Cardiac rhythm abnormalities can also
,3|Page
occur. The nurse also monitors the digoxin level.
Therapeutic levels for digoxin range from 0.5 to 2 ng/mL.
Prior to administering a client's daily dose of digoxin, the
nurse reviews the client's laboratory data and notes the
following results: serum calcium, 9.8 mg/dL; serum
magnesium, 1.2 mg/dL; serum potassium, 4.1 mEq/L;
serum creatinine, 0.9 mg/dL. Which result should alert the
nurse that the client is at risk for digoxin toxicity?
a) Serum calcium level
b) Serum potassium level
c) Serum creatinine level
d) Serum magnesium level - Answer-4. Serum magnesium
level
Rationale: An increased risk of toxicity exists in clients with
hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia,
hypothyroidism, and impaired renal function. The calcium,
creatinine, and potassium levels are all within normal
limits. The normal range for magnesium is 1.6 to 2.6
mg/dL and the results in the correct option are reflective of
hypomagnesemia.
, 4|Page
A client being treated for heart failure is administered
intravenous bumetanide. Which outcome indicates the
medication has achieved the expected effect?
a) Cough becomes productive of frothy pink sputum
b) The serum potassium level changes from 3.8 to 3.1
mEq/L
c) B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) factor increases from 200 to
262 pg/mL
d) Urine output increases from 10 mL/hour to greater than
50 mL hourly - Answer-d) Urine output increases from 10
mL/hour to greater than 50 mL hourly
Rationale: Bumetanide is a diuretic and expected
outcomes include increased urine output, decreased
crackles, and decreased weight.
A client is prescribed nicotinic acid (niacin) for
hyperlipidemia and the nurse provides instructions to the
client about the medication. Which statement by the client
indicates an understanding of the instructions?
