BIOL 1442 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers || Verified
\._______ maintains genetic variation in the form of ______ alleles hidden from
selection in heterozygotes - Answer-Diploidy; recessive
\.A locus is ________ if all indiviuals in a population are _________ for the same allele.
- Answer-fixed; homozygous
\.Adaptive Evolution - Answer-an improvement in the match between organisms and
their environment; generally only caused by natural selection due to its consistancy
\.Alfred Wallace - Answer-Naturalist who came to a similar conclusion as Darwin that
natural selection could explain the origin of species, biological diversity, and similarities
among related life forms. also eugenics
\.allopatric speciation - Answer-The formation of new species in populations that are
geographically isolated from one another; Ex. cormorant
\.allopolyploid - Answer-species that has more than two chromosome sets derived from
different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes.
\.artificial selection - Answer-The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable
traits. Organisms with the desired traits, such as size or taste, are artificially mated or
cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits.
\.autopolyploid - Answer-an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are
all derived from a single species
\.average rate of speciation - Answer-6.5 million years
\.Balancing selection - Answer-occurs when natural selection maintains stable
frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population;
natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in a population; includes
heterozygote advantage and frequency dependent selection
\.Bottleneck effect - Answer-a sudden reduction in population size due to a change in
the environment; resulting gene pool may no longer be reflective of the original
populations gene pool;
, \.Changes in morphology likely result form - Answer-changes in the regulation of
developmental genes rather than changes in the sequence of developmental genes;
EX. threespine sticklebacks in lakes have fewer spines than their marine relatives...the
gene sequence remains the same but the regulation of gene expression is different in
the two groups of fish
\.Charles Darwin - Answer-English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of
South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by
Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his/wallace theory of evolution.
\.Charles Lyell - Answer-effectively discredited the long-standing view that the earth's
surface had been formed by short-lived cataclysms, such as biblical floods and
earthquakes-his principle: UNIFORMATARINISM: same geological processes that are
at work today slowly formed the earth's surface over an immensely long time
\.chromosome based- sympatric speciation - Answer-chromosomal event occurs,
offspring can no longer reproduce due to chromosome duplication or major structual
change, if there are sufficient numbers they can form a self sustaining population
\.directional selection - Answer-favors individuals at one extreme end of the phenotypic
range
\.disruptive selection - Answer-favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic
range
\.Evolution - Answer--descent with modification
-change in allele frequencies over generations/time
\.Evolution by natural selection involves both ______ and "______" - Answer-chance;
sorting. new genetic variations arise by chance and the beneficial variations are "sorted"
and favored through natural selection
\.Evolution is a _____ process - Answer-genetic
\.exaptations - Answer-Structures that evolve in one context but become co-opted for
another function
\.first single celled organisms - Answer-stromatolites (3.5 billion)
\.fitness - Answer-Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
\.Five conditions for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (non evolving population) - Answer--no
natural selection
-no gene flow
-no mutations
-extremely large population
Answers || Verified
\._______ maintains genetic variation in the form of ______ alleles hidden from
selection in heterozygotes - Answer-Diploidy; recessive
\.A locus is ________ if all indiviuals in a population are _________ for the same allele.
- Answer-fixed; homozygous
\.Adaptive Evolution - Answer-an improvement in the match between organisms and
their environment; generally only caused by natural selection due to its consistancy
\.Alfred Wallace - Answer-Naturalist who came to a similar conclusion as Darwin that
natural selection could explain the origin of species, biological diversity, and similarities
among related life forms. also eugenics
\.allopatric speciation - Answer-The formation of new species in populations that are
geographically isolated from one another; Ex. cormorant
\.allopolyploid - Answer-species that has more than two chromosome sets derived from
different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes.
\.artificial selection - Answer-The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable
traits. Organisms with the desired traits, such as size or taste, are artificially mated or
cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits.
\.autopolyploid - Answer-an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are
all derived from a single species
\.average rate of speciation - Answer-6.5 million years
\.Balancing selection - Answer-occurs when natural selection maintains stable
frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population;
natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in a population; includes
heterozygote advantage and frequency dependent selection
\.Bottleneck effect - Answer-a sudden reduction in population size due to a change in
the environment; resulting gene pool may no longer be reflective of the original
populations gene pool;
, \.Changes in morphology likely result form - Answer-changes in the regulation of
developmental genes rather than changes in the sequence of developmental genes;
EX. threespine sticklebacks in lakes have fewer spines than their marine relatives...the
gene sequence remains the same but the regulation of gene expression is different in
the two groups of fish
\.Charles Darwin - Answer-English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of
South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by
Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his/wallace theory of evolution.
\.Charles Lyell - Answer-effectively discredited the long-standing view that the earth's
surface had been formed by short-lived cataclysms, such as biblical floods and
earthquakes-his principle: UNIFORMATARINISM: same geological processes that are
at work today slowly formed the earth's surface over an immensely long time
\.chromosome based- sympatric speciation - Answer-chromosomal event occurs,
offspring can no longer reproduce due to chromosome duplication or major structual
change, if there are sufficient numbers they can form a self sustaining population
\.directional selection - Answer-favors individuals at one extreme end of the phenotypic
range
\.disruptive selection - Answer-favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic
range
\.Evolution - Answer--descent with modification
-change in allele frequencies over generations/time
\.Evolution by natural selection involves both ______ and "______" - Answer-chance;
sorting. new genetic variations arise by chance and the beneficial variations are "sorted"
and favored through natural selection
\.Evolution is a _____ process - Answer-genetic
\.exaptations - Answer-Structures that evolve in one context but become co-opted for
another function
\.first single celled organisms - Answer-stromatolites (3.5 billion)
\.fitness - Answer-Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
\.Five conditions for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (non evolving population) - Answer--no
natural selection
-no gene flow
-no mutations
-extremely large population
