EECS 1520 - Test 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update

EECS 1520 - Test 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update A microphone is a... - Answers Transducer, converting audio (sound waves) into an electric signal Ways of creating digital audio: - Answers Sampling and synthesis Amplitude (a) - Answers related to intensity Frequency (f) - Answers related to perceived pitch Phase (theta) - Answers can depend on the relative location of the sound Period is measured in... - Answers Hz or cycles/second Digitizing sound involves... - Answers Taking samples (measurements) at a fixed rate (sampling rate) and recording them Too fast sampling rate means... - Answers large audio file Too slow sampling rate... - Answers inaccurate audio file Nyquist Shannon - Answers sample interval is less than/equal to half of the period Bit depth - Answers the number of bits of information in each sample higher bit depth means... - Answers more accurate sample bit rate - Answers the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time higher bit rate means... - Answers better quality, larger file FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) - Answers Lossless, compression ratio 62%, used for archiving high quality audio, uses Hoffman and run-length encoding MP3 (Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio) - Answers Lossy, compression ratio 13%, popular with most mobile devices, uses psychoacoustics and Huffman encoding and lower bit rates AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) - Answers Lossy, compression ratio of 14%, popular with Apple devices/most smartphones, uses psychoacoustic, Huffman and lower bit rates Colour is typically represented using... - Answers RGB colour model ( other color models are CMYK, HSL and YUV) Colours between red, green, blue can be represented by numbers between... - Answers 0 and 255 how many possible colours can be made with RGB colour model? - Answers (256)^3 possible colours pixel (picture element) - Answers dots of colour in an image resolution - Answers number of pixels in an image, size of an image measured in pixel. sometimes resolution refers to pixel density , the number of pixels per unit of distance ( ex: pixels per inch or ppi vector graphics - Answers An image that is defined using mathematical equations representing lines, curves, and polygons. Can be enlarged without loss of detail, or a change in file size image is created using drawing applications or text editors. uses SVG SVG - Answers scalable vector graphics: popular graphic format, SVG files are text-based and can be compressed accordingly raster graphics - Answers an image composed of a matrix of pixels, created/edited using painting applications, suffers from pixelation, meaning that when enlarged the rectangular shape of pixels becomes apparent indexed colour - Answers Used for compressing images, only represents colors that are used ( like with keyword encoding but with colors) GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - Answers Lossless, indexed colors, coding related to Huffman allows transparency and animation, compression ratio of 10%, low quality PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - Answers lossless, indexed colors, allows transparency, run-length encoding, a compression ratio of 7%, more modern, larger file JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - Answers A lossy compression technique for color images. Good for photos but not for images with text or sharp lines. A compression ratio of 1-10%, depending on quality, reduces color resolution Gate - Answers A device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals, accepting one or more input signals and producing a single output signal Circuits - Answers Gates combined to perform more complicated tasks Boolean Expressions - Answers Evaluates to either true or false, two valued logic Logic Diagram - Answers A graphical representation of a circuit; each type of gate has its own symbol Truth Table - Answers A table showing all possible input values and the associated output values Functional Notation - Answers Uses a function name followed by a list of arguments in place of the operands used in Boolean expressions Main roles of a transistor - Answers Acts as an amplifier and a binary switch NOT Gate (Inverter) - Answers accepts one input signal (0 or 1) and returns the opposite signal as output AND Gate - Answers accepts two input signals. If both are 1, the output is 1; otherwise, the output is 0 OR Gate - Answers accepts two input signals. If both are 0, the output is 0; otherwise, the output is 1 NAND Gate - Answers accepts two input signals, if both are 1, the output is 0; otherwis