Subject: English
Course: ESO - BACH
,Grammar Index
1. Verbal tenses ........................................................................................... 4
1.1 Verbal tenses chart.............................................................................. 4
2. Stative verbs ............................................................................................ 5
2.1 Verbs of feelings .................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Verbs of sense ........................................................................... 5
2.2 Intellectual activities ........................................................................... 5
2.3 To Have................................................................................................ 5
2.4 To Be.................................................................................................... 5
3. Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous ........................ 6
3.1 Differences ........................................................................................... 6
4. Modal verbs ............................................................................................. 7
4.1 All tenses of the modal verbs .............................................................. 7
5. Be / used to .............................................................................................. 8
6. Future tense ............................................................................................. 9
6.1 Present simple and present continuous .............................................. 9
6.2 Uses of future ...................................................................................... 9
6.3 Future time clauses.............................................................................. 9
6.4 Future tenses ..................................................................................... 10
7. Relative clauses ..................................................................................... 11
7.1 Defining relative clauses .................................................................... 11
7.2 Non-defining relative clauses ............................................................ 12
8. Both, either and neither ........................................................................ 12
9. Passive voice .......................................................................................... 13
9.1 Passive voice with 2 objects .............................................................. 13
9.2 Impersonal passive voice ................................................................... 13
9.3 Causative passive voice ..................................................................... 14
, 9.4 Passive modals ................................................................................... 15
10. Conditionals ......................................................................................... 15
10.1 Zero conditional ............................................................................... 15
10.2 First conditional ............................................................................... 16
10.3 Second conditional .......................................................................... 16
10.4 Third conditional .............................................................................. 17
10.5 Mixed conditionals .......................................................................... 17
11. Reported speech .................................................................................. 18
11.1 Verbal tenses ................................................................................... 19
11.2 Reporting verbs ............................................................................... 19
Vocabulary Index
1. Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing .......................................................... 21
2. Adverbs of manner ................................................................................ 21
2.1 Late and hard ..................................................................................... 21
3. Prefixes .................................................................................................. 22
3.1 Ex- and re- .......................................................................................... 22
3.2 Negative prefixes ............................................................................... 23
4. Sports: Play, go or do ............................................................................. 23
4.1 Win or beat ........................................................................................ 23
5. Adjective suffixes ................................................................................... 23
6. Verb / Adjective / Noun + preposition .................................................. 24
7. Connectors ............................................................................................. 25
8. Do and make .......................................................................................... 26
, Grammar:
1. Verbal tenses
1.1 Verbal tenses chart
Simple Continuous Perfect
Present !" BE + -ING HAVE/HAS + P.P./-ED
3 person singular
-s am are is He She It
PERMANENT!
TEMPORARY AFFECT ME NOW!
States and Routines (Not forever) Past Present
Keywords: IN PROGRESS! Connect the past with the present!
• Sometimes Keywords: Keywords:
• Rarely • Now • Always
• Usually • Right now • Never
• Normally • Today/tonight • Since
• Frequently • At the moment • Already
• Often • Always • Yet
• Twice/once a week • Immediately • For
Past 2#" column/-ed BE + -ING HAD + P.P./-ED
ISOLATED ACTIONS! Tell stories at the past
IT HAPPENED AND FINISHED! was were BEFORE ANOTHER
DOESN´T AFFECT ME NOW! TEMPORARY ACTION IN THE PAST!
Connect with continuous with (Not forever) Past Past Present
WHEN or WHILE (interruption) IN PROGRESS! perfect
Keywords: Keywords:
• Yesterday PAST • All time
• Ago Connect with continuous with • Always
• Last day/week/month WHEN or WHILE (action in • Never
Ex: progress) • Since
• The phone RANG WHEN I Keywords: • For
was cooking • At THAT moment • So far (until now)
• THAT day/month/year • BY the time/age
of
4
,2. Stative verbs
Verbs for states (permanent) STREAT LANGUAGE
Without -ING form
2.1 Verbs of feelings
® Like, love, hate, want, feel, dislike, …
2.1.1 Verbs of senses
® Smell, see, hear, …
2.2 Intellectual activities
® Understand, believe, think, …
o THINK:
§ ¹ -ING if it means opinion
• Ex: I think you are wrong
§ = -ING if it means consider
• Ex: I´m thinking about selling my X-box
2.3 To Have
® When HAVE means possession ¹ -ING
o Ex: I have a dog
® When HAVE means eat or enjoy = -ING
o Ex: I´m having dinner
o Ex: I´m having a good time
2.4 To Be PERMANENT!
® Main verb = State
® ¹ auxiliary ¹ -ING
o Ex: I´m tall
® = auxiliary = HELP = -ING
o Ex: He is being interviewed right now
AUXILIARY VERBS: BE, HAVE AND DO!
® Questions: Do you play football?
® Negative sentences: I don’t like history.
5
, 3. Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
3.1 Differences
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE HAVE/HAS + BEEN + -ING!
Irregular 3!" column (P.P.)
She He It Regular -ED She He It
Already, ever + BOTH: For/Since, All morning
Yet, never -,? lately, recently All night/day
ATTENTION: The result ATTENTION: The duration
® Ex: I have finished the homework ® Ex: I have been studying all night
QUANTITY: How many…? LENGTH: How long…?
® Ex: How man y books have you read ® Ex: How long have you been playing
football?
Present perfect continuous is also used in this case:
• An action stopped few moments ago.
® YOU CAN SEE VISIBLE PROOF
» (You look sweaty)
» “HAVE YOU BEEN RUNNING?”
6
, 4. Modal verbs
Characteristics of PURE modal verbs:
® Followed by INFINITIF (without “to”)
® No “-s” in the 3!"
- Ex: You mustn´t smoke here
® No auxiliary verbs ? Ex: Can I come in?
4.1 All tenses of the modal verbs
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
ABILITY AND COULD CAN Will can (∄)
CAPACITY Was/were ABLE TO + INF Am/are/is ABLE TO + INF Will BE ABLE TO + INF
MAY MAY MAY
MIGHT/ HAVE + P.P. MIGHT/ 50% sure MIGHT/ 50% sure
POSSIBILITY AND
SPECULATION
COULD
MUST
COULD
MUST 90% + = COULD
MUST 90% +
3
CAN´T HAVE + P.P. CAN´T 90% - CAN´T 90% -
=
SHOULD/N´T + INF SHOULD/N´T + INF
SHOULD
ADVICE 7 HAVE + P.P. OUGHT TO/NOT TO +INF OUGHT TO/NOT TO +INF
OUGHT (NOT TO)
HAD BETTER + INF HAD BETTER + INF
MUST + INF Will must (∄)
OBLIGATION AND HAVE/HAS TO + INF Will have to/need to ≠ is!
NECESSITY HAD TO NEED TO + INF
HAVE/HAS GOT
No permission in the past MUSTN´T No permission in the future
PROHIBITION CAN´T
NEEDN´T HAVE + P.P. DON´T/DOESN´T
® You did something BUT it ® HAVE TO Won´t HAVE TO
LACK OF WASN´T necessary ® NEED TO (Will not) NEED TO
OBLIGATION DIDN´T NEED TO + INF
® You DIDN´T do something NEEDN´T + INF
BECAUSE it wasn´t necessary
COULD MAY
PREMISSION Was/were ABLE TO + INF CAN Will BE ALLOWED TO
Am/are/is ALLOWED TO
7
,5. Be / used to “Used to” doesn´t change!
𝐼𝑁𝐺
® Be used to + #
𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑛 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑛 TO FIND SOMETHING NORMAL
𝐼𝑁𝐺
® Get / Become used to + #
𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑛 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑛
• It was difficult but now it is easy.
• I am in process to find it easily.
Examples:
» He isn´t used to driving on the left-hand side.
» I´ll have to get used to working regular hours.
WARNING!
® Used to + INF→ Only in the past (routines at the past)→ NO
LONGER EXIST!
® +: When I was a child, I used to be afraid of the dark.
® -: When I was a child I didn´t use to be afraid of the dark.
® ?: Did you use to be afraid of the dark when you were a
child? “Used to” change with “Did”!
Examples:
» He used to ride a bicycle to school when he was young.
8
, 6. Future tense
• Same structure using other tenses to SAY another thing → FUTURE!
6.1 Present simple and present continuous
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
-s 3º person singular! TIMETABLES! TO BE + -ING form! ARRANGEMENTS!
An arrangement is a plan You can change it!
You can’t change it! you have planned with a Ex: I’m having an exam next week
She He It Ex: My train leaves at 10:00 p.m. tonight Time/Date/Place/Friends.
6.2 Uses of future
PLANS PREDICTIONS
PRESENT CONTINUOUS BE GOING TO + INF
With evidence in our present
(ARRANGEMENTS)
Ex: Look at those black clouds! It’s
Ex: I’m visiting my friend tomorrow
going to rain!
BE GOING TO + INF PREDICTIONS (WILL/NOT) + INF
Also, for plans but we don’t have
Without evidence, is our opinion
Time/Friends/Place/Agenda to
Ex: I think / I’m sure students will
prepare. It’s an intention!
use computers instead of books in
Ex: This next year I`m going to do
2050.
exercise all days!
6.3 Future time clauses
(One depends on the other one)
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛
⎧𝐴𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠
⎪ $!%&%#' &)*+,% /),, (12#! ') 4 567
» 𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 → + 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + $!%&%#' +%!-%.' + , +𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 8% 92)#9 '2 4 567
⎨ 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
⎪
⎩ 𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
o We use present simple when the actions are at the same time.
§ Ex: As soon as I get home, I will call you.
o We use present perfect when the actions are in order.
§ Ex: When I have finished my homework, I’ll pick you up.
9
, 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛
⎧𝐴𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠
/),, (12#! ') 4 567 ⎪ $!%&%#' &)*+,%
» 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 8% 92)#9 '2 4 567 + 𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 + 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + $!%&%#' +%!-%.'
⎨ 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
⎪
⎩ 𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
o We use present simple when the actions are at the same time.
§ Ex: I’ll call you as soon as I get home.
o We use present perfect when the actions are in order.
§ Ex: I’ll pick you up when I have finished my homework.
The structure of the sentence has turned around!
6.4 Future tenses
FUTURE CONTINUOUS FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
WILL (NOT) + HAVE (INF) +
WILL (NOT) + BE (INF) + ING WILL (NOT) + HAVE + BEEN + ING
P.P./-ED
Keywords: Keywords: Keywords:
» This time next week/year » Before,/soon, … 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, …
» When I was 15/30/… » BY (the time), 2050 … » 𝐵𝑌 (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒), …2𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
» In ten years’, … » In two years … 𝑆𝑜𝑜𝑛, …
Rules: Rules: Rules:
• Action would be happening • Action will be OVER in the • Action will be over in the future +
in the future. future. duration.
Ex: This time next week, I’ll be Ex: In 2050 he will have Ex: By 2025, you will have been
sleeping. finished the school. working here for 20 years.
• ≃ Arrangements
o Plans have been
decided.
Ex: We will be travelling to
Barcelona next Saturday.
• Regular patterns
o Same actions in the
same situations
Ex: The teacher will be giving
instructions before the exam
10
Course: ESO - BACH
,Grammar Index
1. Verbal tenses ........................................................................................... 4
1.1 Verbal tenses chart.............................................................................. 4
2. Stative verbs ............................................................................................ 5
2.1 Verbs of feelings .................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Verbs of sense ........................................................................... 5
2.2 Intellectual activities ........................................................................... 5
2.3 To Have................................................................................................ 5
2.4 To Be.................................................................................................... 5
3. Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous ........................ 6
3.1 Differences ........................................................................................... 6
4. Modal verbs ............................................................................................. 7
4.1 All tenses of the modal verbs .............................................................. 7
5. Be / used to .............................................................................................. 8
6. Future tense ............................................................................................. 9
6.1 Present simple and present continuous .............................................. 9
6.2 Uses of future ...................................................................................... 9
6.3 Future time clauses.............................................................................. 9
6.4 Future tenses ..................................................................................... 10
7. Relative clauses ..................................................................................... 11
7.1 Defining relative clauses .................................................................... 11
7.2 Non-defining relative clauses ............................................................ 12
8. Both, either and neither ........................................................................ 12
9. Passive voice .......................................................................................... 13
9.1 Passive voice with 2 objects .............................................................. 13
9.2 Impersonal passive voice ................................................................... 13
9.3 Causative passive voice ..................................................................... 14
, 9.4 Passive modals ................................................................................... 15
10. Conditionals ......................................................................................... 15
10.1 Zero conditional ............................................................................... 15
10.2 First conditional ............................................................................... 16
10.3 Second conditional .......................................................................... 16
10.4 Third conditional .............................................................................. 17
10.5 Mixed conditionals .......................................................................... 17
11. Reported speech .................................................................................. 18
11.1 Verbal tenses ................................................................................... 19
11.2 Reporting verbs ............................................................................... 19
Vocabulary Index
1. Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing .......................................................... 21
2. Adverbs of manner ................................................................................ 21
2.1 Late and hard ..................................................................................... 21
3. Prefixes .................................................................................................. 22
3.1 Ex- and re- .......................................................................................... 22
3.2 Negative prefixes ............................................................................... 23
4. Sports: Play, go or do ............................................................................. 23
4.1 Win or beat ........................................................................................ 23
5. Adjective suffixes ................................................................................... 23
6. Verb / Adjective / Noun + preposition .................................................. 24
7. Connectors ............................................................................................. 25
8. Do and make .......................................................................................... 26
, Grammar:
1. Verbal tenses
1.1 Verbal tenses chart
Simple Continuous Perfect
Present !" BE + -ING HAVE/HAS + P.P./-ED
3 person singular
-s am are is He She It
PERMANENT!
TEMPORARY AFFECT ME NOW!
States and Routines (Not forever) Past Present
Keywords: IN PROGRESS! Connect the past with the present!
• Sometimes Keywords: Keywords:
• Rarely • Now • Always
• Usually • Right now • Never
• Normally • Today/tonight • Since
• Frequently • At the moment • Already
• Often • Always • Yet
• Twice/once a week • Immediately • For
Past 2#" column/-ed BE + -ING HAD + P.P./-ED
ISOLATED ACTIONS! Tell stories at the past
IT HAPPENED AND FINISHED! was were BEFORE ANOTHER
DOESN´T AFFECT ME NOW! TEMPORARY ACTION IN THE PAST!
Connect with continuous with (Not forever) Past Past Present
WHEN or WHILE (interruption) IN PROGRESS! perfect
Keywords: Keywords:
• Yesterday PAST • All time
• Ago Connect with continuous with • Always
• Last day/week/month WHEN or WHILE (action in • Never
Ex: progress) • Since
• The phone RANG WHEN I Keywords: • For
was cooking • At THAT moment • So far (until now)
• THAT day/month/year • BY the time/age
of
4
,2. Stative verbs
Verbs for states (permanent) STREAT LANGUAGE
Without -ING form
2.1 Verbs of feelings
® Like, love, hate, want, feel, dislike, …
2.1.1 Verbs of senses
® Smell, see, hear, …
2.2 Intellectual activities
® Understand, believe, think, …
o THINK:
§ ¹ -ING if it means opinion
• Ex: I think you are wrong
§ = -ING if it means consider
• Ex: I´m thinking about selling my X-box
2.3 To Have
® When HAVE means possession ¹ -ING
o Ex: I have a dog
® When HAVE means eat or enjoy = -ING
o Ex: I´m having dinner
o Ex: I´m having a good time
2.4 To Be PERMANENT!
® Main verb = State
® ¹ auxiliary ¹ -ING
o Ex: I´m tall
® = auxiliary = HELP = -ING
o Ex: He is being interviewed right now
AUXILIARY VERBS: BE, HAVE AND DO!
® Questions: Do you play football?
® Negative sentences: I don’t like history.
5
, 3. Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
3.1 Differences
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE HAVE/HAS + BEEN + -ING!
Irregular 3!" column (P.P.)
She He It Regular -ED She He It
Already, ever + BOTH: For/Since, All morning
Yet, never -,? lately, recently All night/day
ATTENTION: The result ATTENTION: The duration
® Ex: I have finished the homework ® Ex: I have been studying all night
QUANTITY: How many…? LENGTH: How long…?
® Ex: How man y books have you read ® Ex: How long have you been playing
football?
Present perfect continuous is also used in this case:
• An action stopped few moments ago.
® YOU CAN SEE VISIBLE PROOF
» (You look sweaty)
» “HAVE YOU BEEN RUNNING?”
6
, 4. Modal verbs
Characteristics of PURE modal verbs:
® Followed by INFINITIF (without “to”)
® No “-s” in the 3!"
- Ex: You mustn´t smoke here
® No auxiliary verbs ? Ex: Can I come in?
4.1 All tenses of the modal verbs
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
ABILITY AND COULD CAN Will can (∄)
CAPACITY Was/were ABLE TO + INF Am/are/is ABLE TO + INF Will BE ABLE TO + INF
MAY MAY MAY
MIGHT/ HAVE + P.P. MIGHT/ 50% sure MIGHT/ 50% sure
POSSIBILITY AND
SPECULATION
COULD
MUST
COULD
MUST 90% + = COULD
MUST 90% +
3
CAN´T HAVE + P.P. CAN´T 90% - CAN´T 90% -
=
SHOULD/N´T + INF SHOULD/N´T + INF
SHOULD
ADVICE 7 HAVE + P.P. OUGHT TO/NOT TO +INF OUGHT TO/NOT TO +INF
OUGHT (NOT TO)
HAD BETTER + INF HAD BETTER + INF
MUST + INF Will must (∄)
OBLIGATION AND HAVE/HAS TO + INF Will have to/need to ≠ is!
NECESSITY HAD TO NEED TO + INF
HAVE/HAS GOT
No permission in the past MUSTN´T No permission in the future
PROHIBITION CAN´T
NEEDN´T HAVE + P.P. DON´T/DOESN´T
® You did something BUT it ® HAVE TO Won´t HAVE TO
LACK OF WASN´T necessary ® NEED TO (Will not) NEED TO
OBLIGATION DIDN´T NEED TO + INF
® You DIDN´T do something NEEDN´T + INF
BECAUSE it wasn´t necessary
COULD MAY
PREMISSION Was/were ABLE TO + INF CAN Will BE ALLOWED TO
Am/are/is ALLOWED TO
7
,5. Be / used to “Used to” doesn´t change!
𝐼𝑁𝐺
® Be used to + #
𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑛 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑛 TO FIND SOMETHING NORMAL
𝐼𝑁𝐺
® Get / Become used to + #
𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑛 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑛
• It was difficult but now it is easy.
• I am in process to find it easily.
Examples:
» He isn´t used to driving on the left-hand side.
» I´ll have to get used to working regular hours.
WARNING!
® Used to + INF→ Only in the past (routines at the past)→ NO
LONGER EXIST!
® +: When I was a child, I used to be afraid of the dark.
® -: When I was a child I didn´t use to be afraid of the dark.
® ?: Did you use to be afraid of the dark when you were a
child? “Used to” change with “Did”!
Examples:
» He used to ride a bicycle to school when he was young.
8
, 6. Future tense
• Same structure using other tenses to SAY another thing → FUTURE!
6.1 Present simple and present continuous
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
-s 3º person singular! TIMETABLES! TO BE + -ING form! ARRANGEMENTS!
An arrangement is a plan You can change it!
You can’t change it! you have planned with a Ex: I’m having an exam next week
She He It Ex: My train leaves at 10:00 p.m. tonight Time/Date/Place/Friends.
6.2 Uses of future
PLANS PREDICTIONS
PRESENT CONTINUOUS BE GOING TO + INF
With evidence in our present
(ARRANGEMENTS)
Ex: Look at those black clouds! It’s
Ex: I’m visiting my friend tomorrow
going to rain!
BE GOING TO + INF PREDICTIONS (WILL/NOT) + INF
Also, for plans but we don’t have
Without evidence, is our opinion
Time/Friends/Place/Agenda to
Ex: I think / I’m sure students will
prepare. It’s an intention!
use computers instead of books in
Ex: This next year I`m going to do
2050.
exercise all days!
6.3 Future time clauses
(One depends on the other one)
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛
⎧𝐴𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠
⎪ $!%&%#' &)*+,% /),, (12#! ') 4 567
» 𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 → + 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + $!%&%#' +%!-%.' + , +𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 8% 92)#9 '2 4 567
⎨ 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
⎪
⎩ 𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
o We use present simple when the actions are at the same time.
§ Ex: As soon as I get home, I will call you.
o We use present perfect when the actions are in order.
§ Ex: When I have finished my homework, I’ll pick you up.
9
, 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛
⎧𝐴𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠
/),, (12#! ') 4 567 ⎪ $!%&%#' &)*+,%
» 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 8% 92)#9 '2 4 567 + 𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 + 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + $!%&%#' +%!-%.'
⎨ 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
⎪
⎩ 𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
o We use present simple when the actions are at the same time.
§ Ex: I’ll call you as soon as I get home.
o We use present perfect when the actions are in order.
§ Ex: I’ll pick you up when I have finished my homework.
The structure of the sentence has turned around!
6.4 Future tenses
FUTURE CONTINUOUS FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
WILL (NOT) + HAVE (INF) +
WILL (NOT) + BE (INF) + ING WILL (NOT) + HAVE + BEEN + ING
P.P./-ED
Keywords: Keywords: Keywords:
» This time next week/year » Before,/soon, … 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, …
» When I was 15/30/… » BY (the time), 2050 … » 𝐵𝑌 (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒), …2𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
» In ten years’, … » In two years … 𝑆𝑜𝑜𝑛, …
Rules: Rules: Rules:
• Action would be happening • Action will be OVER in the • Action will be over in the future +
in the future. future. duration.
Ex: This time next week, I’ll be Ex: In 2050 he will have Ex: By 2025, you will have been
sleeping. finished the school. working here for 20 years.
• ≃ Arrangements
o Plans have been
decided.
Ex: We will be travelling to
Barcelona next Saturday.
• Regular patterns
o Same actions in the
same situations
Ex: The teacher will be giving
instructions before the exam
10
