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2025
Embryo and neonate weeks 3-4 - ANSWER -A primitive milk
streak running bilaterally from axilla to groin
Embryo and neonate
Weeks 4-5 - ANSWER -Milk streak becomes mammary milk ridge
or milk line . Paired breasts develop from this line of glandular
tissue
Embryo and neonate weeks 7/8 - ANSWER -Thickening and
inward growth into chest wall continue
Embryo and neonate weeks 12-16 - ANSWER -Specialized cells
differentiate into smooth muscle of nipple and areola
- epithelial cells develop into mammary buds
,- epithelial branches form to eventually become alveoli
Embryo and neonate weeks 15-25 - ANSWER -Epithelial strips are
formed which represent future secretory alveoli
- lactiferous ducts and their branches form and open into a
shallow epithelial depression known as the mammary pit
- the mammary pit becomes elevated forming the nipple and the
areola
- an inverted nipple results when the pit fails to elevate
Embryo and neonate
After 32 weeks - ANSWER -A lumen ( canal ) forms in each part of
the branching system
Embryo and neonate
Near term - ANSWER -15-25 mammary ducts form the fetal
mammary gland
Neonate - ANSWER -- galactorrhea ( witch's milk ) : secretion of
colostral like fluid neonate mammary tissue resulting from
influence of maternal hormones
- recommended not to express neonatal colostrum because this
might lead to mastitis in the newborn
,Puberty - ANSWER -1. Breasts keep pace with general physical
growth
2. Growth of the breast parenchyma produces ducts , lobes,
alveoli, and surrounding fat pad
3. Onset of menses at 10-12 continues development of the breast
- primary and secondary ducts grow and divide .
- terminal end buds form , which later become alveoli (small sacs
where milk is secreted ) in the mature breast
- proliferation and active growth of duct tissue takes place during
each period and continues to about 35 years of age
Pregnancy breast
Development - ANSWER -1. Complete development of mammary
function occurs only in pregnancy
2. Breast size increases , skin appears thinner , and veins become
more prominent
3. Areola diameter increases - Montgomery glands enlarge , and
nipple pigment darkens
Anomalies in breast
, Development - ANSWER -1. Illnesses, chemo, therapeutic
radiation to the chest , chest surgery , or injuries to the chest
might affect development
2. Programmed apoptosis ( cell death ) has been suggested as
one reason for lower breast cancer rates in bf women
Exterior breast - ANSWER -Located in the superficial fascia (
fibrous tissue beneath skin) between 2nd rib and 6th intercostal
space
Tail of spence - ANSWER -Mammary glandular tissue that projects
into the axillary region
- distinguished from the supernumerary tissue because it
connects to the duct system
- potential are of milk pooling and mastitis
Skin surface of
Breast contains - ANSWER -Nipple, areola, and Montgomery
glands
Size - ANSWER -Not related to functional capacity
Gives breast it's