Cattle Dz Final questions well answered
already passed
A 10-day old Holstein bull calf presents to you because the owner says it has not taken milk
bottles the last two feedings. On presentation, the calf is dull, laying in sternal, does not have a
suckle reflex, and has the following physical exam findings:
Rectal T: 105.3 F
RR: 60 breaths/minute
HR: 160 beats/minute
Diarrhea staining around perineum, umbilicus feels enlarged and hot, ears are droopy bilateral.
Which of the following differentials are most likely (choose all that apply)?
a. Otitis media/interna
b. Tetanus
c. Sinusitis
d. Failure of transfer of passive immunity
e. Meningitis - correct answer ✔✔A, D, E
otitis media/interna, FTP, meningitis
T/F: Botulinum toxin, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, works at the
neuromuscular junction to prevent the release of acetylcholine. - correct answer ✔✔True
Which of the following about Clostridium tetani is correct?
,a. C. tetani does not persist well in the environment.
b. C. tetani toxin causes a flaccid paralysis.
c. Clostridium tetani only begins producing spores when in an anaerobic environment. Exposure
to oxygen will halt its reproduction and toxin production.
d. C. tetani produces tetanospasmin, which acts at the neuromuscular junction to block the
release of acetylcholine. - correct answer ✔✔C
Clostridium tetani only begins producing spores when in an anaerobic environment. Exposure to
oxygen will halt its reproduction and toxin production.
A 6-month old show steer presents for a 12 hour history of appearing agitated, bumping into
the sides of his stall, bellowing, and not eating. He is well vaccinated, eats hay and high-protein
grain, lives with four other steers of the same age, and was dehorned and castrated (surgical
scrotal castration) at 3 months of age. Physical exam findings on presentation:
T: 100.5 F
PR: 100 bpm
RR: 30 brpm
Mentation: BAR
CN exam: no menace, PLRs intact bilateral, palpebral reflex present, no other abnormalities
Ruminations: minimal activity, no good ruminations heard, feels sloshy on succussion and
ballotment
Based on your physical exam findings, and the history, what is your top differential?
a. Late-onset sinusitis from dehorning.
b. Polioencephalomalacia due to rumen dysbiosis.
c. Meningitis due to embolic spread of bacteria from rumen acidosis.
d. Tetanus due to infected castration site. - correct answer ✔✔b. Polioencephalomalacia due to
rumen dysbiosis.
,A 5-month old calf presents to your clinic for treatment of a third bout of what the owner
assumes is polio. Over the last couple months, this calf has had episodes of depression,
anorexia, apparent blindness, and strabismus. The first time the calf showed these signs, you
examined him and decided to "treat the treatable" by administering dexamethasone, penicillin,
and injectable thiamine. The calf made a quick turnaround and was normal again two days later.
This same pattern repeated again 3 weeks later and the owner treated in the same manner,
with the same result. Nothing has changed in the calf's environment or feeding, and it is
vaccinated for respiratory diseases and tetanus. Based on this waxing and waning history of
neurologic signs, what neurologic disease are you suspicious of? - correct answer ✔✔Brain
abscess/pituitary abscess
T/F: Whole milk is higher in sodium content than most milk replacers. - correct answer ✔✔False
Which of the following statements about polioencephalomalacia is most correct?
a. It is best to correct hypernatremia in calves quickly, so that neurologic symptoms disappear as
quickly as possible.
b. Fenbendazole overdose is a common cause of polio, so dosages should be based on exact
weights.
c. Molasses and beet pulp have low sulfur content.
d. Vitamin B1 is an important cofactor for glucose production. - correct answer ✔✔d. Vitamin
B1 is an important cofactor for glucose production.
Which of the following viruses can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in the fetus depending on the
stage of gestation that the cow was infected? (Choose two)
a. Bovine viral diarrhea virus
b. Schmallenberg virus
c. Bluetongue virus
d, Malignant catarrhal fever - correct answer ✔✔A and B
, BVDV and Schmallenberg virus
All of the following are considered risk factors for clinical listeriosis except:
a. Band castration
b. Rough feed
c. Loss of deciduous teeth
d. Improperly ensiled hay - correct answer ✔✔a. Band castration
You go out to see a 3-year old beef cow on pasture in mid-Autumn who has been drooling
excessively, has a head tilt to the right, and has a large amount of wet hay stuck in her mouth at
all times. No other cattle in the herd are affected. She is well-vaccinated, gets supplemental
grain, and just gave birth to a healthy bull calf. Which of the following is your top differential?
a. Tetanus
b. Listeriosis
c. Botulism
d. Cerebellar abiotrophy - correct answer ✔✔b. Listeriosis
You are called out to see a 2-day old angus bull calf who has been standing in a weird position
each time he is assisted to rise. It is a large calf, about 140 pounds, and as you examine the calf
and ask more questions about his history, you find out that he presented backwards in the cow,
owners placed chains above and below his rear fetlocks and then 5 family members pulled him
out of the cow. He was hip-locked on the way out, and it took a significant amount of time to
successfully deliver. Based on the history and physical exam, you suspect the following:
Note: Each time the calf is assisted to rise, he has a crouched posture in both his hind legs and
resists taking steps.
already passed
A 10-day old Holstein bull calf presents to you because the owner says it has not taken milk
bottles the last two feedings. On presentation, the calf is dull, laying in sternal, does not have a
suckle reflex, and has the following physical exam findings:
Rectal T: 105.3 F
RR: 60 breaths/minute
HR: 160 beats/minute
Diarrhea staining around perineum, umbilicus feels enlarged and hot, ears are droopy bilateral.
Which of the following differentials are most likely (choose all that apply)?
a. Otitis media/interna
b. Tetanus
c. Sinusitis
d. Failure of transfer of passive immunity
e. Meningitis - correct answer ✔✔A, D, E
otitis media/interna, FTP, meningitis
T/F: Botulinum toxin, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, works at the
neuromuscular junction to prevent the release of acetylcholine. - correct answer ✔✔True
Which of the following about Clostridium tetani is correct?
,a. C. tetani does not persist well in the environment.
b. C. tetani toxin causes a flaccid paralysis.
c. Clostridium tetani only begins producing spores when in an anaerobic environment. Exposure
to oxygen will halt its reproduction and toxin production.
d. C. tetani produces tetanospasmin, which acts at the neuromuscular junction to block the
release of acetylcholine. - correct answer ✔✔C
Clostridium tetani only begins producing spores when in an anaerobic environment. Exposure to
oxygen will halt its reproduction and toxin production.
A 6-month old show steer presents for a 12 hour history of appearing agitated, bumping into
the sides of his stall, bellowing, and not eating. He is well vaccinated, eats hay and high-protein
grain, lives with four other steers of the same age, and was dehorned and castrated (surgical
scrotal castration) at 3 months of age. Physical exam findings on presentation:
T: 100.5 F
PR: 100 bpm
RR: 30 brpm
Mentation: BAR
CN exam: no menace, PLRs intact bilateral, palpebral reflex present, no other abnormalities
Ruminations: minimal activity, no good ruminations heard, feels sloshy on succussion and
ballotment
Based on your physical exam findings, and the history, what is your top differential?
a. Late-onset sinusitis from dehorning.
b. Polioencephalomalacia due to rumen dysbiosis.
c. Meningitis due to embolic spread of bacteria from rumen acidosis.
d. Tetanus due to infected castration site. - correct answer ✔✔b. Polioencephalomalacia due to
rumen dysbiosis.
,A 5-month old calf presents to your clinic for treatment of a third bout of what the owner
assumes is polio. Over the last couple months, this calf has had episodes of depression,
anorexia, apparent blindness, and strabismus. The first time the calf showed these signs, you
examined him and decided to "treat the treatable" by administering dexamethasone, penicillin,
and injectable thiamine. The calf made a quick turnaround and was normal again two days later.
This same pattern repeated again 3 weeks later and the owner treated in the same manner,
with the same result. Nothing has changed in the calf's environment or feeding, and it is
vaccinated for respiratory diseases and tetanus. Based on this waxing and waning history of
neurologic signs, what neurologic disease are you suspicious of? - correct answer ✔✔Brain
abscess/pituitary abscess
T/F: Whole milk is higher in sodium content than most milk replacers. - correct answer ✔✔False
Which of the following statements about polioencephalomalacia is most correct?
a. It is best to correct hypernatremia in calves quickly, so that neurologic symptoms disappear as
quickly as possible.
b. Fenbendazole overdose is a common cause of polio, so dosages should be based on exact
weights.
c. Molasses and beet pulp have low sulfur content.
d. Vitamin B1 is an important cofactor for glucose production. - correct answer ✔✔d. Vitamin
B1 is an important cofactor for glucose production.
Which of the following viruses can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in the fetus depending on the
stage of gestation that the cow was infected? (Choose two)
a. Bovine viral diarrhea virus
b. Schmallenberg virus
c. Bluetongue virus
d, Malignant catarrhal fever - correct answer ✔✔A and B
, BVDV and Schmallenberg virus
All of the following are considered risk factors for clinical listeriosis except:
a. Band castration
b. Rough feed
c. Loss of deciduous teeth
d. Improperly ensiled hay - correct answer ✔✔a. Band castration
You go out to see a 3-year old beef cow on pasture in mid-Autumn who has been drooling
excessively, has a head tilt to the right, and has a large amount of wet hay stuck in her mouth at
all times. No other cattle in the herd are affected. She is well-vaccinated, gets supplemental
grain, and just gave birth to a healthy bull calf. Which of the following is your top differential?
a. Tetanus
b. Listeriosis
c. Botulism
d. Cerebellar abiotrophy - correct answer ✔✔b. Listeriosis
You are called out to see a 2-day old angus bull calf who has been standing in a weird position
each time he is assisted to rise. It is a large calf, about 140 pounds, and as you examine the calf
and ask more questions about his history, you find out that he presented backwards in the cow,
owners placed chains above and below his rear fetlocks and then 5 family members pulled him
out of the cow. He was hip-locked on the way out, and it took a significant amount of time to
successfully deliver. Based on the history and physical exam, you suspect the following:
Note: Each time the calf is assisted to rise, he has a crouched posture in both his hind legs and
resists taking steps.
