Psych 121 Final Exam Notes (Jan
Gelech) with verified answers passed
Approaches to Psychological treatment - ANS ✔1. Biomedical
2. Psychological
3. social
4. new frontiers psychedelics
Biomedical treatments - ANS ✔treatments designed to reduce psychological disorder by
influencing the action of the central nervous system
- EG trepanation
Trepanation - ANS ✔opening a hole in ones skull as a cure for mental disorders
- 1st attempt to treat mental illness
- cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures,
migraines, and mental disorders
Early 20th century (1900s): era of physical/biological therapies - ANS ✔prolonged sleep
treatment (1920s)
- the use of psychiatric drugs to render patients unconscious for a period of days or weeks
-Insulin Coma therapy: patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin to produce
daily comas over several weeks
- often combined with ECT
,- Peak use in 1930s/1940s
prolonged sleep treatment - ANS ✔the use of psychiatric drugs or insulin therapy to render
patients unconscious for a period of days or weeks
insulin Coma therapy - ANS ✔was a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were
repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several
weeks.
eletroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (1938) - ANS ✔Seizures are electrically induced in patients to
trigger a brief seizure for therapeutic effect.
- Mode of action is unknown
- widespread use in 1940s/50s
Contemporary use: Severe Major Depression
- continued debate on use
Lobotomy (1935) - ANS ✔Form of psychosurgery involving cutting or scraping away most of the
connections to ad from the prefrontal cortex
- Developer: Dr. Moniz - won the Nobel peace Prize
- Walter Freedman:
Engaged in the aggressive promotion of this technique causing the American Lobotomy Boom
The Drug ERA - ANS ✔Chlorpromazine (thorazine) (1950)
,- used to treat acute and chronic psychosis
Deinstitutionalization of patients happened after drug was used as well as popular opinion
about living condition of asylums and the contributing factor that the drug was cheaper then
the government housing an individual.
- Hospitalization rate decreased significantly from 1955-1990
Psychiatrics Medications - ANS ✔Approx. 100 FDA Approved drugs
Six classes:
- antipsychotics
-antidepressants
- psychostimulants
- mood stabilizers
- anti anxiety
- depressants
Contemporary Biomedical Approaches - ANS ✔1. Medications
2. ECT
3. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
4. psychosurgery (absolute last resort)
publication Bias - ANS ✔the tendency for journals to publish positive findings but not negative
or ambiguous ones
, drug companies - ANS ✔drug companies often hold rights to distribution results
direct to consumer advertising - ANS ✔advertising of pharmaceuticals which is directed toward
patients, rather than healthcare professionals
selling mental disorders and their cures to the public
- Creating CONSUMER DEMAND
DTC Marketing Techniques - ANS ✔-convincing the previously healthy that they are ill through
vague illness representations
- portraying real psychiatric problems in a sensationalistic manner
- "you can be like me"/"you don't know what your missing"
- "we have a simple answer to your complex problem"
concerns with DTC - ANS ✔1. misrepresent or downplay risks of medications
2. leads to increased rates of self-diagnosis and patient-initiated prescriptions
3. this form of advertising offers no proven health benefits
Psychotherapy - ANS ✔the professional treatment for psychological disorder through
techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight
Gelech) with verified answers passed
Approaches to Psychological treatment - ANS ✔1. Biomedical
2. Psychological
3. social
4. new frontiers psychedelics
Biomedical treatments - ANS ✔treatments designed to reduce psychological disorder by
influencing the action of the central nervous system
- EG trepanation
Trepanation - ANS ✔opening a hole in ones skull as a cure for mental disorders
- 1st attempt to treat mental illness
- cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures,
migraines, and mental disorders
Early 20th century (1900s): era of physical/biological therapies - ANS ✔prolonged sleep
treatment (1920s)
- the use of psychiatric drugs to render patients unconscious for a period of days or weeks
-Insulin Coma therapy: patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin to produce
daily comas over several weeks
- often combined with ECT
,- Peak use in 1930s/1940s
prolonged sleep treatment - ANS ✔the use of psychiatric drugs or insulin therapy to render
patients unconscious for a period of days or weeks
insulin Coma therapy - ANS ✔was a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were
repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several
weeks.
eletroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (1938) - ANS ✔Seizures are electrically induced in patients to
trigger a brief seizure for therapeutic effect.
- Mode of action is unknown
- widespread use in 1940s/50s
Contemporary use: Severe Major Depression
- continued debate on use
Lobotomy (1935) - ANS ✔Form of psychosurgery involving cutting or scraping away most of the
connections to ad from the prefrontal cortex
- Developer: Dr. Moniz - won the Nobel peace Prize
- Walter Freedman:
Engaged in the aggressive promotion of this technique causing the American Lobotomy Boom
The Drug ERA - ANS ✔Chlorpromazine (thorazine) (1950)
,- used to treat acute and chronic psychosis
Deinstitutionalization of patients happened after drug was used as well as popular opinion
about living condition of asylums and the contributing factor that the drug was cheaper then
the government housing an individual.
- Hospitalization rate decreased significantly from 1955-1990
Psychiatrics Medications - ANS ✔Approx. 100 FDA Approved drugs
Six classes:
- antipsychotics
-antidepressants
- psychostimulants
- mood stabilizers
- anti anxiety
- depressants
Contemporary Biomedical Approaches - ANS ✔1. Medications
2. ECT
3. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
4. psychosurgery (absolute last resort)
publication Bias - ANS ✔the tendency for journals to publish positive findings but not negative
or ambiguous ones
, drug companies - ANS ✔drug companies often hold rights to distribution results
direct to consumer advertising - ANS ✔advertising of pharmaceuticals which is directed toward
patients, rather than healthcare professionals
selling mental disorders and their cures to the public
- Creating CONSUMER DEMAND
DTC Marketing Techniques - ANS ✔-convincing the previously healthy that they are ill through
vague illness representations
- portraying real psychiatric problems in a sensationalistic manner
- "you can be like me"/"you don't know what your missing"
- "we have a simple answer to your complex problem"
concerns with DTC - ANS ✔1. misrepresent or downplay risks of medications
2. leads to increased rates of self-diagnosis and patient-initiated prescriptions
3. this form of advertising offers no proven health benefits
Psychotherapy - ANS ✔the professional treatment for psychological disorder through
techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight
