NRSG 2500 Unit 3 Fluid and electrolytes Exam Questions
With Complete Solutions
1/ml/kg/hr Correct Answer Oliguria for pediatric patients is
urine output less than
25 mls/hr Correct Answer What is the "oliguria urine output"
for a child that weighs 25 lbs?
30 mls/hr Correct Answer adult minimum urine output
acidosis Correct Answer potassium relates to
AKI potential complications Correct Answer •Hyperkalemia
-*Most common cause of death in acute renal failure
-Priority if patient has a high potassium level: *Assess ECG
rhythm*
•Pericarditis- inflammation of the fibrous sac surrounding the
heart
•Pericardial effusion- fluid around the heart
•Pericardial tamponade- life-threatening large amount of fluid
(usually blood) compresses and constricts the heart
•Hypertension
•*Anemia*
•Bone disease and metastatic calcifications
ARI (acute renal injury) Correct Answer a reversible
syndrome that results in decreased GFR and oliguria. Criterion
is >50% increase in serum creatinine. (Normal = less than 1.0
mg/dL.) formally called Acute Renal failure
, ARI categories Correct Answer Prerenal
Intrarenal
Postrenal
ARI phases Correct Answer Initiation period
Oliguria period (Ischemic ATN):
Diuresis period
Recovery Period
Assessment of kidney function Correct Answer •VS, (MAP)
•I&O
•Lungs, LOC, Pulses, Urine, Kidneys, Abdomen, Edema, CMS,
Color, Flank Pain, Skin
•Labs: Specific Gravity, Creatinine & GFR, BUN, Potassium,
Sodium
•Weight (Most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely
ill patient)
-Accurate daily weight must be obtained and recorded.
- 1 Kg weight gain is equal to 1000 mL of retained fluid.
- 1 pound is about 450ml of retained fluid.
Chronic renal failure care Correct Answer •Hypertension:
Antihypertensives, limit sodium, bedrest.
•Fluid Overload: Fluid restrictions, diuretics, I &O, daily
weights, oxygen, elevate HOB, dialysis, assess lungs & edema.
•Hyperkalemia & Acidosis: Limit potassium & proteins. Sodium
polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). Dialysis.
•Phosphate & Calcium: Limit phosphate (give antacids to bind
with phosphate). Calcium supplements.
•Anemia: Epogen, iron supplements, monitor for orthostatic
hypotension.
With Complete Solutions
1/ml/kg/hr Correct Answer Oliguria for pediatric patients is
urine output less than
25 mls/hr Correct Answer What is the "oliguria urine output"
for a child that weighs 25 lbs?
30 mls/hr Correct Answer adult minimum urine output
acidosis Correct Answer potassium relates to
AKI potential complications Correct Answer •Hyperkalemia
-*Most common cause of death in acute renal failure
-Priority if patient has a high potassium level: *Assess ECG
rhythm*
•Pericarditis- inflammation of the fibrous sac surrounding the
heart
•Pericardial effusion- fluid around the heart
•Pericardial tamponade- life-threatening large amount of fluid
(usually blood) compresses and constricts the heart
•Hypertension
•*Anemia*
•Bone disease and metastatic calcifications
ARI (acute renal injury) Correct Answer a reversible
syndrome that results in decreased GFR and oliguria. Criterion
is >50% increase in serum creatinine. (Normal = less than 1.0
mg/dL.) formally called Acute Renal failure
, ARI categories Correct Answer Prerenal
Intrarenal
Postrenal
ARI phases Correct Answer Initiation period
Oliguria period (Ischemic ATN):
Diuresis period
Recovery Period
Assessment of kidney function Correct Answer •VS, (MAP)
•I&O
•Lungs, LOC, Pulses, Urine, Kidneys, Abdomen, Edema, CMS,
Color, Flank Pain, Skin
•Labs: Specific Gravity, Creatinine & GFR, BUN, Potassium,
Sodium
•Weight (Most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely
ill patient)
-Accurate daily weight must be obtained and recorded.
- 1 Kg weight gain is equal to 1000 mL of retained fluid.
- 1 pound is about 450ml of retained fluid.
Chronic renal failure care Correct Answer •Hypertension:
Antihypertensives, limit sodium, bedrest.
•Fluid Overload: Fluid restrictions, diuretics, I &O, daily
weights, oxygen, elevate HOB, dialysis, assess lungs & edema.
•Hyperkalemia & Acidosis: Limit potassium & proteins. Sodium
polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). Dialysis.
•Phosphate & Calcium: Limit phosphate (give antacids to bind
with phosphate). Calcium supplements.
•Anemia: Epogen, iron supplements, monitor for orthostatic
hypotension.
