FRDH 3070 Midterm 1 Exam Questions With
100% Verified Answers Graded A+
What is research? - the creation of new knowledge
Ontology - a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of reality
Objectivists - believe that there is one objective reality
Constructionists - believe that there is not objective reality, only
interpretations
Epistemology - a branch of philosophy concerned with how knowledge is
acquired (positivism, interpretivism, critical approaches)
Positivism - knowledge is gained from observation by the senses;
hypotheses are generated and tested; facts are gathered to develop scientific
laws; related to the objectivist ontology
Interpretivism - knowledge is gained by understanding the meanings of
peoples' actions; gathering lived experiences; related to the constructionist
ontology
Critical Approaches - argue that social research should be done with the
goal of opposing opposing oppression; used by feminist researchers, anti-poverty
research, queer studies, Indigenous research
, Quantitative Methods - deductive; studies well known phenomena; testing
of hypotheses or theories; conducted in controlled settings; large number of
subjects; standardized numerical data collection; data gathered first, then
analyzed
Deductive - start with a hypothesis, then test it
Qualitative Methods - inductive; often studies unknown or little known
phenomena; development of hypotheses or theories; conducted in naturalistic
settings; smaller number of targeted participants; textual, audio and visual data
collection; data gathered and analyzed simultaneously
Inductive - start testing, and hypothesis comes from the data
What is Theory? - explanations for why/how things (observed patterns)
happen
Middle-Range Theories - explain specific issues in society (why do people
get road rage?)
Grand Theories - general and abstract and provide a way of looking at the
social world (feminist theory, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism)
How Do Researchers Come Up with Research Questions? - based on
personal experience; based on passions/areas of interest; based on your own
previous studies
100% Verified Answers Graded A+
What is research? - the creation of new knowledge
Ontology - a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of reality
Objectivists - believe that there is one objective reality
Constructionists - believe that there is not objective reality, only
interpretations
Epistemology - a branch of philosophy concerned with how knowledge is
acquired (positivism, interpretivism, critical approaches)
Positivism - knowledge is gained from observation by the senses;
hypotheses are generated and tested; facts are gathered to develop scientific
laws; related to the objectivist ontology
Interpretivism - knowledge is gained by understanding the meanings of
peoples' actions; gathering lived experiences; related to the constructionist
ontology
Critical Approaches - argue that social research should be done with the
goal of opposing opposing oppression; used by feminist researchers, anti-poverty
research, queer studies, Indigenous research
, Quantitative Methods - deductive; studies well known phenomena; testing
of hypotheses or theories; conducted in controlled settings; large number of
subjects; standardized numerical data collection; data gathered first, then
analyzed
Deductive - start with a hypothesis, then test it
Qualitative Methods - inductive; often studies unknown or little known
phenomena; development of hypotheses or theories; conducted in naturalistic
settings; smaller number of targeted participants; textual, audio and visual data
collection; data gathered and analyzed simultaneously
Inductive - start testing, and hypothesis comes from the data
What is Theory? - explanations for why/how things (observed patterns)
happen
Middle-Range Theories - explain specific issues in society (why do people
get road rage?)
Grand Theories - general and abstract and provide a way of looking at the
social world (feminist theory, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism)
How Do Researchers Come Up with Research Questions? - based on
personal experience; based on passions/areas of interest; based on your own
previous studies
