BCHM 4360 CH 11 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
translation - Answer -production of a protein from the information in an mRNA
20 - Answer -how many amino acids used to make proteins?
tRNA (transfer RNA) - Answer
-The information in the mRNA is translated into protein via _______
molecules
read the mRNA by base-pairing 3 nucleotides
each carry and are specific to one amino acid at the 3′ end
small RNAs of ~75-94 nucleotides
anticodon - Answer -3 nt region on the tRNA that reads mRNA
codon - Answer -3 nt region on mRNA read by tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, chain - Answer -Amino acids are attached to tRNAs by
these!
Amino acids attached to tRNAs are joined together in a ______
ribosomes, RNA, protein, 5' to 3' - Answer -carry out translation and catalyze formation
of peptide bonds between aa's
have small and large subunits each with r-proteins
,about 2/3 _____ and 1/3 ______
large - 2.5mDa to 4mDa
move ___ ___ ___ along an mRNA molecule
small subunit - Answer -part of ribosome that deciphers the mRNA and mediates
interactions between mRNA and tRNA
large subunit - Answer -part of ribosome that mediates the chemical bond formations
has an exit tunnel through which the growing polypeptide emerges (target for
antibiotics)
15, 3, 4 - Answer -Proteins are synthesized at a rate of about ____ amino acids per
second
has an error rate of about 10-__ to 10-__ per acid (much more error-prone than DNA
replication)
translation factors - Answer -associate with ribosomes and help with translation
often GTPases
4 - Answer -tRNA structure has ___ regions of dsRNA, including 3 stem-loops
includes acceptor stem, T-loop, anticodon loop, and D-loop
acceptor stem, CCA - Answer -The 5′ and 3′ ends of tRNA base-pair and form the
___________ ______
This binds the amino acid
has a conserved 3′ ____ tail
anticodon loop, inosine, Y - Answer -has 3 nt that base pair with the codon in mRNA
Thus, the tRNA forms a physical link between the mRNA and the correct amino acid
often has ______ and base ___ modified purines
dihydrouridine (D) - Answer
, -D (DHU) loop of tRNA is named for this modified nucleotide
pseudouridine - Answer
-this modified nuc plus T's make up the T loop (TpsiC)
L-shape - Answer -tRNA is often drawn as a clover-leaf structure, but a folded tRNA
has an ______________
The "bend" has some unusual interactions, like base-triple interactions
U-turn - Answer -The bases in a tRNA anticodon are typically stacked on top of each
other in a structure called a _________
hypermodified purine - Answer -A ___________ ________ occurs just after the
anticodon, to prevent this from base-pairing with the codon in mRNA
This helps align the codon and anticodon properly
ex. inosine and base Y
sense codon - Answer -Codon that specifies an amino acid in a protein
nonsense codon - Answer -another name for a stop codon to signal end of protein
coding region of mRNA
translation - Answer -production of a protein from the information in an mRNA
20 - Answer -how many amino acids used to make proteins?
tRNA (transfer RNA) - Answer
-The information in the mRNA is translated into protein via _______
molecules
read the mRNA by base-pairing 3 nucleotides
each carry and are specific to one amino acid at the 3′ end
small RNAs of ~75-94 nucleotides
anticodon - Answer -3 nt region on the tRNA that reads mRNA
codon - Answer -3 nt region on mRNA read by tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, chain - Answer -Amino acids are attached to tRNAs by
these!
Amino acids attached to tRNAs are joined together in a ______
ribosomes, RNA, protein, 5' to 3' - Answer -carry out translation and catalyze formation
of peptide bonds between aa's
have small and large subunits each with r-proteins
,about 2/3 _____ and 1/3 ______
large - 2.5mDa to 4mDa
move ___ ___ ___ along an mRNA molecule
small subunit - Answer -part of ribosome that deciphers the mRNA and mediates
interactions between mRNA and tRNA
large subunit - Answer -part of ribosome that mediates the chemical bond formations
has an exit tunnel through which the growing polypeptide emerges (target for
antibiotics)
15, 3, 4 - Answer -Proteins are synthesized at a rate of about ____ amino acids per
second
has an error rate of about 10-__ to 10-__ per acid (much more error-prone than DNA
replication)
translation factors - Answer -associate with ribosomes and help with translation
often GTPases
4 - Answer -tRNA structure has ___ regions of dsRNA, including 3 stem-loops
includes acceptor stem, T-loop, anticodon loop, and D-loop
acceptor stem, CCA - Answer -The 5′ and 3′ ends of tRNA base-pair and form the
___________ ______
This binds the amino acid
has a conserved 3′ ____ tail
anticodon loop, inosine, Y - Answer -has 3 nt that base pair with the codon in mRNA
Thus, the tRNA forms a physical link between the mRNA and the correct amino acid
often has ______ and base ___ modified purines
dihydrouridine (D) - Answer
, -D (DHU) loop of tRNA is named for this modified nucleotide
pseudouridine - Answer
-this modified nuc plus T's make up the T loop (TpsiC)
L-shape - Answer -tRNA is often drawn as a clover-leaf structure, but a folded tRNA
has an ______________
The "bend" has some unusual interactions, like base-triple interactions
U-turn - Answer -The bases in a tRNA anticodon are typically stacked on top of each
other in a structure called a _________
hypermodified purine - Answer -A ___________ ________ occurs just after the
anticodon, to prevent this from base-pairing with the codon in mRNA
This helps align the codon and anticodon properly
ex. inosine and base Y
sense codon - Answer -Codon that specifies an amino acid in a protein
nonsense codon - Answer -another name for a stop codon to signal end of protein
coding region of mRNA
