Chapter 12: Human Resource Management 15th Edition by Gary Dessler Terms and Concepts

1. Financial Incentives - Answer Financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds some predetermined standard. 2. Productivity - Answer The ratio of outputs (goods and services) divided by the inputs (resources such as labor and capital). 3. Fair Day's Work - Answer Output standards devised based on careful, scientific analysis. 4. Scientific Management Movement - Answer Management approach based on improving work methods through observation and analysis. 5. Variable Pay - Answer Any plan that ties pay to productivity or profitability, usually as one-time lump payments. 6. Intrinsic Motivation - Answer Motivation that derives from the pleasure someone gets from doing the job or task. 7. Expectancy - Answer A person's expectation that his or her effort will lead to performance. 8. Instrumentality - Answer The perceived relationship between successful performance and obtaining the reward. 9. Valence - Answer The perceived value a person attaches to the reward. 10. Behavior Modification - Answer Using contingent rewards or punishment to change behavior; a systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior. 11. Piecework - Answer A system of pay based on the number of items processed by each individual worker in a unit of time, such as items per hour or items per day. 12. Straight Piecework - Answer An incentive plan in which a person is paid a sum for each item he or she makes or sells, with a strict proportionality between results and rewards.