Chapter 4: Biology, The Essentials – Test Bank by Marielle Hoefnagels

potential energy - Answer stored energy available to do work kinetic energy - Answer energy being used to do work; energy of motion calorie - Answer one kilocalorie kilocalorie - Answer one thousand calories; one food Calorie entropy - Answer the measure of randomness or disorder metabolism - Answer the biochemical reactions of a cell oxidation-reduction ("redox") reaction - Answer When a reactant is oxidized and another is reduced. oxidation - Answer A donor in an oxidation-reduction reaction. This molecule loses its electrons. reduction - Answer The receptor in an oxidation- reduction reaction. This molecule gains electrons. electron transport chain - Answer membrane-bound molecular complex that shuttle electrons to slowly extract their energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer Molecules that are used to store energy. They are known by many as 'energy currency' enzyme - Answer an organic molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction without being consumed activation energy - Answer energy required for a chemical reaction to begin active site - Answer the part of an enzyme to which substrates bind