Chapter 2: Biology, The Essentials -
Test Bank by Marielle Hoefnagels
matter - Answer substance that takes up space and is made of atoms
energy - Answer the ability to do work
element - Answer a pure substance consisting of atoms containing a characteristic number of
protons
periodic table - Answer chart that lists elements according to their properties
bulk element - Answer an element that an organism requires in large amounts
mineral - Answer essential element other than C, H, O, or N
trace element - Answer an element that an organism requires in small amounts
atom - Answer a particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
proton - Answer a particle in an atom's nucleus carrying a positive charge
neutron - Answer a particle in the atom's nucleus that is electrically neutral
nucleus - Answer central part of an atom; also, the membrane bounded sac that contains DNA
in a eukaryotic cell
electron - Answer a negatively charged particle that orbits the atom's nucleus
atomic number - Answer the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
, isotope - Answer any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons
in the nucleus
atomic mass - Answer the average mass of all isotopes of an element
radioactive isotope - Answer atom that emits particles or rays as its nucleus disintegrates
molecule - Answer two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds
compound - Answer a molecule including different elements
orbital - Answer volume of space where a particular electron is likely to be
energy shell - Answer group of electron orbitals that share the same energy level
valence shell - Answer outermost occupied energy shell of an atom
chemical bond - Answer attractive force that holds atoms together
covalent bond - Answer type of chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons
electronegativity - Answer an atom's tendency to attract electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - Answer a covalent bond in which atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bond - Answer covalent bond in which electrons are attracted more to one
atom's nucleus than to the other
ionic bond - Answer attraction between oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - Answer weak chemical bond between opposite partial charges on two
Test Bank by Marielle Hoefnagels
matter - Answer substance that takes up space and is made of atoms
energy - Answer the ability to do work
element - Answer a pure substance consisting of atoms containing a characteristic number of
protons
periodic table - Answer chart that lists elements according to their properties
bulk element - Answer an element that an organism requires in large amounts
mineral - Answer essential element other than C, H, O, or N
trace element - Answer an element that an organism requires in small amounts
atom - Answer a particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
proton - Answer a particle in an atom's nucleus carrying a positive charge
neutron - Answer a particle in the atom's nucleus that is electrically neutral
nucleus - Answer central part of an atom; also, the membrane bounded sac that contains DNA
in a eukaryotic cell
electron - Answer a negatively charged particle that orbits the atom's nucleus
atomic number - Answer the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
, isotope - Answer any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons
in the nucleus
atomic mass - Answer the average mass of all isotopes of an element
radioactive isotope - Answer atom that emits particles or rays as its nucleus disintegrates
molecule - Answer two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds
compound - Answer a molecule including different elements
orbital - Answer volume of space where a particular electron is likely to be
energy shell - Answer group of electron orbitals that share the same energy level
valence shell - Answer outermost occupied energy shell of an atom
chemical bond - Answer attractive force that holds atoms together
covalent bond - Answer type of chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons
electronegativity - Answer an atom's tendency to attract electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - Answer a covalent bond in which atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bond - Answer covalent bond in which electrons are attracted more to one
atom's nucleus than to the other
ionic bond - Answer attraction between oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - Answer weak chemical bond between opposite partial charges on two
