Chapters 3-6: Intro to Sociology Test
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Culture - Answer the sum of the social categories and concepts we recognize in addition to our
beliefs, behaviors, (except the instinctual ones), and practices
Ethnocentrism - Answer "sense of taken-for-granted superiority" the belief that one's own
culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all cultures from the
perspective of one's own
Non-material Culture - Answer includes values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms
Material Culture - Answer everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment,
including technology
Ideology - Answer a system of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and
effect
Cultural Relativism - Answer taking into account the differences across cultures without
passing judgement or assigning value
Culture Scripts - Answer modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal or
natural, shape our notions of gender
Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) - Answer - has become part of the canon of
anthropology and cultural studies
- after her ethnographic fieldwork among Samoans, she concluded that women there did not
experience the same emotional and psychological turmoil as their American counterparts in the
transition from adolescence to adulthood
- found that young women engaged in and enjoyed casual sex before marriage and reared
children
-eventually contributed to the feminist movement
, Reflection Theory - Answer states that culture is a projection of social structures and
relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the underlying reality of
social structures of our society is shown
Karl Marx Views on Culture - Answer - asserted that it is a one-way street: from technology
and the means of production to belief systems and ideologies
- our norms, values, sanctions, ideologies, laws, and even language are outgrowths of the
technology and economic means and modes of production
-Culture that justifies given relations in production
Antonio Gramsci - Answer an Italian political theorist and activist, came up with the concept of
hegemony
Hegemony - Answer "refers to a historical process in which a dominant group exercises 'moral
and intellectual leadership' thorugh our society by winning the voluntary 'consent' of popular
masses
Consumerism - Answer the belief that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved through the
acquisition of material possessions
Culture jamming - Answer the act of turning media against themselves
Socialization - Answer the process by which you learn to become a functioning member of
society
Self - Answer the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person
I - Answer one's sense of agency, action or power
Me - Answer the self as perceived as an object by the "I"; the self as one imagines others
perceive one
Other - Answer someone or something outside of oneself
Bank Latest Edition
Culture - Answer the sum of the social categories and concepts we recognize in addition to our
beliefs, behaviors, (except the instinctual ones), and practices
Ethnocentrism - Answer "sense of taken-for-granted superiority" the belief that one's own
culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all cultures from the
perspective of one's own
Non-material Culture - Answer includes values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms
Material Culture - Answer everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment,
including technology
Ideology - Answer a system of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and
effect
Cultural Relativism - Answer taking into account the differences across cultures without
passing judgement or assigning value
Culture Scripts - Answer modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal or
natural, shape our notions of gender
Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) - Answer - has become part of the canon of
anthropology and cultural studies
- after her ethnographic fieldwork among Samoans, she concluded that women there did not
experience the same emotional and psychological turmoil as their American counterparts in the
transition from adolescence to adulthood
- found that young women engaged in and enjoyed casual sex before marriage and reared
children
-eventually contributed to the feminist movement
, Reflection Theory - Answer states that culture is a projection of social structures and
relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the underlying reality of
social structures of our society is shown
Karl Marx Views on Culture - Answer - asserted that it is a one-way street: from technology
and the means of production to belief systems and ideologies
- our norms, values, sanctions, ideologies, laws, and even language are outgrowths of the
technology and economic means and modes of production
-Culture that justifies given relations in production
Antonio Gramsci - Answer an Italian political theorist and activist, came up with the concept of
hegemony
Hegemony - Answer "refers to a historical process in which a dominant group exercises 'moral
and intellectual leadership' thorugh our society by winning the voluntary 'consent' of popular
masses
Consumerism - Answer the belief that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved through the
acquisition of material possessions
Culture jamming - Answer the act of turning media against themselves
Socialization - Answer the process by which you learn to become a functioning member of
society
Self - Answer the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person
I - Answer one's sense of agency, action or power
Me - Answer the self as perceived as an object by the "I"; the self as one imagines others
perceive one
Other - Answer someone or something outside of oneself
